Question 1

The ______________ approach is a learner-centered approach to teaching that emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher. In the this, teachers should not attempt to simply pour information into children’s minds. Rather, children should be encouraged to explore their world, discover knowledge, reflect, and think critically, with careful monitoring and meaningful guidance from the teacher (Appleton, 2012; O’Donnell, 2012). This approachs believes that for too long in American education children have been required to sit still, be passive learners, and rotely memorize irrelevant as well as relevant information

Accepted Answer

constructivist

Question 2

By contrast, the _________ ________ ______ is a structured, teacher-centered approach that is characterized by teacher direction and control, high teacher expectations for students’ progress, maximum time spent by students on academic tasks, and efforts by the teacher to keep negative affect to a minimum. An important goal in this approach is maximizing student learning time

Accepted Answer

direct instruction approach

Question 3

What are some criticisms about constructivist versus direct instruction approach?

Accepted Answer

Advocates of the constructivist approach argue that the direct instruction approach turns children into passive learners and does not adequately chal-lenge them to think in critical and creative ways (McCombs, 2013). The direct instruction enthusiasts say that the constructivist approaches do not give enough attention to the content of a discipline, such as history or science. They also believe that the constructivist approaches are too relativistic and vagu

Question 4

Nurturing is a key aspect of the _______-__________ kindergarten, which emphasizes the education of the whole child and concern for his or her physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development (Segal & others, 2012). Instruction is organized around children’s needs, interests, and learning styles. Emphasis is placed on the process of learning, rather than what is learned (Jalongo & Isenberg, 2012).

Accepted Answer

child-centered

Question 5

what are 3 priniciple of child centered kingergarten?

Accepted Answer

It honors three principles: (1) each child follows a unique developmental pattern; (2) young children learn best through firsthand experiences with people and materials; and (3) play is extremely important in the child’s total development.

Question 6

_______ _______ are patterned after the educational philosophy of Maria Montessori (1870–1952), an Italian physician-turned-educator who crafted a revolutionary approach to young children’s education at the beginning of the twentieth century. This approach is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities. They are allowed to move from one activity to another as they desire. The teacher acts as a facilitator rather than a director. The teacher shows the child how to perform intellectual activities, demonstrates interesting ways to explore curriculum materials, and offers help when the child requests it (Drake, 2008; Isaacs, 2012; Lillard, 2008). “By encouraging children to make decisions from an early age, theseprograms seek to develop self-regulated problem solvers who can make choices and manage their time effectively”

Accepted Answer

Montessori schools

Question 7

Education that focuses on the typical developmental patterns of children (age-appropriateness) and the uniqueness of each child (individual-appropriateness). Such practice contrasts with developmentally inappropriate practice, which relies on abstract paper-and-pencil activities presented to large groups of young children

Accepted Answer

developmentally appropriate practice

Question 8

The circumstance of moving from the top position in elementary school to the lowest position in middle or junior high school

Accepted Answer

top-dog phenomenon

Question 9

A child with a ______ _____ has difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or written language, and the difficulty can appear in listening, thinking, reading, writing, and spelling. This also may involve difficulty in doing mathematics

Accepted Answer

learning disability

Question 10

About three times as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability. Among the explanations for this gender difference are a greater biological vulnerability among boys and _______ _____. That is, boys are more likely to be referred by teachers for treatment because of troublesome behavior.

Accepted Answer

referral bias

Question 11

A category of learning disabilities involving a severe impairment in the ability to read and

Accepted Answer

dyslexia

Question 12

_______ is a learning disability that involves difficulty in handwriting. Children with this may write very slowly, their writing products may be virtually illegible, and they may make numerous spelling errors because of their inability to match up sounds and letters

Accepted Answer

Dysgraphia

Question 13

_______, also known as developmental arithmetic disorder, is a learning disability that involves difficulty in math computation

Accepted Answer

Dyscalculia

Question 14

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disability in which children consistently show one or more of the following characteristics over a period of time:

Accepted Answer

(1) inattention, (2) hyperactivity, and (3) impulsivity

Question 15

Depending on the characteristics that children with ADHD dis-play, they can be diagnosed as (1) ADHD with predominantly inattention, (2) ADHD with predominantly hyperactivity/impulsivity, or (3) ADHD with both inattention and hyperactivity/ impulsivity

Accepted Answer

Just wanted to know this :)

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Chapter 16 - Schools and Achievement Flashcards

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