Chapter 16 - Organic Synthesis

Question 1

What is heating under reflux?

Answer 1

A common procedure used to prepare an organic liquid

Question 2

Why are anti-bumping granules added to the liquid before it is heated?

Answer 2

So that the liquid boils smoothly

Question 3

What happens if you do not added ant-bumping granules?

Answer 3

Large bubbles form at the bottom of the liquid and make the glassware vibrate

Question 4

What is distillation?

Answer 4

A common method used to separate a pure liquid from its impurities

Question 5

Separating the organic layer and aqueous layer

Answer 5

1. Close the tape of the separating funnel
2. Pour the mixture of liquids into the separating funnel and place the stopper in the top of the funnel
3. Then invert to mix the contents
4. Add some water to see which layer increases in volume
5. Place a conical flask under the separating funnel and remove the stopper and open the tap until the whole of the lower layer is out
6. Place a second conical flask under the separating funnel to collect the other layer

Question 6

How to remove acid impurities in an organic product

Answer 6

1. Add aqueous sodium carbonate and shake the mixture in the separating funnel

Question 7

What is a drying agent?

Answer 7

An anhydrous inorganic salt that readily takes up water to become hydrated

Question 8

Drying an organic liquid

Answer 8

1. Using a spatula add some of the drying agent to the liquid and gently swirl the contents to mix together
2. Place a stopper on the flask and leave for 10 minutes