Chapter 16: Nervous Tissue

Question 1

The nervous system has two major division

Answer 1

Central nervous system (CNS)
- Brain and Spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system
- Cranial nerves that emerge from the brain
- Spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord

Question 2

The Peripheral Nervous system has

Answer 2

Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves
Ganglia
Enteric plexuses
Sensory receptors

Question 3

What is Sensory Function

Answer 3

Sensory or Afferent neurons
- Transfer information from the periphery back to the central nervous system
“INPUT”

Question 4

What is Integrative function

Answer 4

Interneurons
- Within the CNS making the connection between neurons
- Vast majority of the neurons in the body are interneurons

Question 5

What is Motor function

Answer 5

Motor or Efferent neurons
- Transfer information from the central nervous system to the “periphery” of the body
“OUTPUT”

Question 6

What is the Somatic Nervous System

Answer 6

Somatic sensory neurons convey information to the CNS from the sensory receptors

Somatic motor neurons convey information from the CNS to skeletal muscles only

Question 7

What is the Autonomic Nervous system

Answer 7

Convey information from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 8

The motor part of the ANS consist of what two branches

Answer 8

The Sympathetic ( fight-or-flight)
The Parasympathetic ( rest-and-digest)

• Sympathetic neurons increase heart rate
• Parasympathetic neurons slow it down

Question 9

What is Enteric Nervous system

Answer 9

Called “Brain of the gut” consists of over 100 million neurons in the GI tract

Question 10

Nervous Tissue is Vascular tissue comprised of two types of cells

Answer 10

Neurons
Neuroglia

Question 11

What are Neurons

Answer 11

• Comprise the circulatory connecting all regions of the body to the nervous system
• Highly specialized cells
• Lost the ability to undergo mitotic division

Question 12

What is Neuroglia

Answer 12

Smaller cells that greatly outnumber neurons

Support, nourish, and protect neurons

Continue to divide throughout an individual lifetime

Question 13

What is a Synapses

Answer 13

It is the site of communication between two neurons

Question 14

What are Astrocytes

Answer 14

Physical and nutritional support to neurons

Question 15

What are Oligodendrocytes

Answer 15

Oligodendrocyte processes are responsible for forming the myelin sheath, a lipid and protein covering around some axons that insulates the axon and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction

Question 16

What are Microglia

Answer 16

They remove cellular debris and phagocytize microbes and damaged nervous tissue

Question 17

What are Ependymal Cells

Answer 17

Line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord

They also form Cerebrospinal fluid barrier

Question 18

What are Schwann cells

Answer 18

Encircle PNS they form the myelin sheath around axons and participate in axon regeneration