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FAA: Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge > Chapter 16: Navigation > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pilotage ?

A

Navigating by 1) reference to visible landmarks,, 2) dead reckoning, 3) computations of direction and distance from known position and 4) radio navigation aids

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2
Q

List all charts uses by VFR pilots.

A

Sectional, VFR Terminal, World Aeronautical

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3
Q

Whats the scale used on Sectional Charts ?

A

1:500,000 or 1 inch = 6.8 NM or 8 SM

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4
Q

How often are sectional charts revised ?

A

US = Semi-annually Global = Annually

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5
Q

When are VFR Terminal charts best used ?

A

Near Class B Airspace.

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6
Q

Whats the scale on VFR Sectional charts ?

A

1:250,000 or 1 inch = 3.43 NM or 3 SM

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7
Q

How often are VFR Charts revised ?

A

Semi-annually.

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8
Q

What is the scale on World Aeronautical Charts ?

A

1:1,000,000 or 1 inch = 13.7 NM or 16 SM

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9
Q

What degrees longitude is the continental United States between ?

A

67 and 125 degrees longitude.

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10
Q

What rate (in degrees longitude) does the earth rotate ?

A

15 degrees per hour.

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11
Q

What is Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) ?

A

Zulu time; Time at 0 degrees longitude = Greenwich England.

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12
Q

What is UTC time at 5PM in Raleigh NC ?

A

10 PM Zulu

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13
Q

What is UTC time at 12 PM in Chicago ?

A

6 PM Zulu

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14
Q

What is UTC time at 8 AM in CA ?

A

4 PM Zulu

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15
Q

What is UTC time at 1 PM in Denver ?

A

8PM Zulu

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16
Q

What is Variation ?

A

The angle between True North (TN) and Magnetic North (MN)

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17
Q

How far is MN from TN ?

A

1300 Miles

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18
Q

How is variation illustrated on Aeronautical charts ?

A

Isogonic lines (magenta). the lines with no variation between TN and MN are called Agonic lines.

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19
Q

On the west coast of US, which way does a magnetic compass point ?

A

East of True North (TN)

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20
Q

On the east coast of US, which way does a magnetic compass point ?

A

West of True North (TN)

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21
Q

Where in the US does the agonic line run ?

A

west of great lakes (Chicago), Wisconsin, Illinois, western Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama.

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22
Q

How do you convert from True direction to Magnetic direction ?

A

Add or substract the mangentic variation indicated by the nearest isogonic line.

23
Q

What must be considered when flying a True Course (TC) with a compass ?

A

1) magnetic variation, 2) compass deviation 3) wind correction

24
Q

If flying a TC of East, with a “9 degree Eeast” variation, what must the magnetic heading be ?

A

TC East = 90 degrees.. SUBTRACT 9 degrees variation = 81 degrees.

25
Q

If flying a TC of South, with a “5 degree West” variation, what must the magnetic heading be ?

A

TC South = 180 degrees. ADD 5 degrees variation = 185 degrees.

26
Q

What is Deviation ?

A

Deflection of the compass heading due to magnetic influences in the aircraft; electrical circuits, radio, lights, tools, engine, magnetic parts etc.

27
Q

How is compass deviation checked ?

A

maintenance process called “swinging the compass”

28
Q

Define “compass heading”

A

The magnetic heading corrected for deviation.

29
Q

Describe the relationship between Airspeed (AS) and Groundspeed (GS)

A

GS is determined by combining the movement of the aircraft with that of the air mass.

30
Q

What is an aircraft’s Heading ?

A

Direction in which the nose of the aircraft points during flight.

31
Q

What is an aircraft’s Track ?

A

The actual path made over the ground in flight.

32
Q

What is an aircraft’s Drift angle ?

A

The angle between heading and track.

33
Q

What is ground speed (GS) ?

A

The rate of an aircraft’s inflight progress over the ground.

34
Q

What is Magnetic Variation ?

A

The change represented by Isogonic lines.

35
Q

What is magnetic Deviation ?

A

An aircrafts internal effect upon onboard compass systems.

36
Q

Describe wind if: 25 knots from 360

A

Air is moving southward at 25 NM in 1 hour.

37
Q

What is the Wind Correction Angle (WCA)?

A

The angle at which the pilot must correct for wind drift. i.e. if wind blowing from left, pilot must point aircraft to left to compensate)

38
Q

When estimating fuel consumption, what must a pilot plan for ?

A

cruise speed, startup and taxi, higher fuel burn during climb. and Fuel reserve!

39
Q

What is a wind triangle used for ?

A

The basis for dead reckoning.. a graphing explanation of the effect of wind upon flight. Can be used to determine Ground Speed, heading and time for flight.

40
Q

How often are AFD NOTAMS issued ?

A

Every 28 days.

41
Q

What radio systems are available for VFR navigation?

A

VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR), Nondirectional Radio Beacon (NDB), Global Position System (GPS)

42
Q

Name 3 variants of VOR Systems.

A

VOR: Magnetic Bearing info from station. VOR/DME: Bearing + Distance, VORTAC: bearing + tacatical Nav

43
Q

What frequency do VOR ground stations transmit at ?

A

VHF (108.0 - 117.95)

44
Q

What is the general reception range of VOR signals at an altitude of 1000 ft AGL ?

A

40 - 45 statute miles

45
Q

What is useful range of VOR class T below 12,000’ ?

A

25 miles

46
Q

What is useful range of VOR class L below 18,000’ ?

A

40 miles

47
Q

What is useful range of VOR class H below 14,500’ ?

A

40 miles

48
Q

What is useful range of VOR class H between 14,500’ and 17,999’ in conterminous 48 states ?

A

100 miles

49
Q

What is useful range of VOR class H between 18,000’ and FL 450 ?

A

130 miles

50
Q

What is useful range of VOR class H between FL 450 and 60,000’ ?

A

100 miles

51
Q

Describe 3 means for checking VOR receiver accuracy.

A

FAA VOR test facility, Certified airborne checks, certified ground checks.

52
Q

How do you perform a VOR receiver check if an aircraft has dual receivers ?

A

Tune both to the same VOR ground facility. Max variation is 4%

53
Q

Name 3 types of VOR navigational aids.

A

Course Deviation Indicator (CDI), Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI), Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI)

FAA: Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (18 decks)

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