Chapter 16 - Molecular Basis of Inheritance Flashcards
where is DNA found in bacteria?
it’s supercoiled and found in the nucleoid
how often does DNA make a full turn?
every 3.4 nm
every 10 layers of bases
what are purines? what are pyrimidines?
purine: A/G (large)
pyrimidine: C/T (small)
types of bonds in DNA
covalent bonds between sugar phosphate backbone
hydrogen bonds between bases in the center
what’s the conservative model?
black DNA strand splits, makes white replicates, and then original strands come back together
N15/N15 –> N14/N14 and N15/N15 –> 3N14/N14 and N15/N15
what’s the semiconservative model?
when the double helix replicated, each of the two daughter molecules will have one old strand from the parent and one newly made strand
N15/N15 –> 2N14/N15 –> 2N14/N15 and 2N14/N14
this model was correct!
what’s the dispersive model?
all four strands of DNA following replication have a mixture of old and new DNA (the one with the weird fractions)
how many DNA molecules are in a cell?
46 DNA molecules in a nucleus - one DNA molecules per chromosome
6 billion nucleotide pairs
where does replication start?
particular sites called origins of replication, short stretches of DNA having a specific sequence of nucleotides
what unwinds DNA?
helicases are enzymes that untwist the parent helix at the replication forks
what stabilizes single stranded DNA after it’s been split apart?
after parental strands separate, single-strand binding proteins bind proteins bind to the unpaired DNA strands, keeping them from re-pairing until they’re used as templates
what relieves stress from the untwisting of the double helix?
topoisomerase helps relieve strain by breaking, swirling, and rejoining the parental DNA ahead of the replication fork
where is the primer located?
on the 5’ of the leading strand and at the end of each okazaki fragment
primase synthesizes primer: RNA chain
where does the replication start?
at the 3’ end of the template strand
which DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the RNA primer?
II