Chapter 16 Health Flashcards
(Sr OSF Q) What is ringworm and how is it transmitted?
A highly contagious fungus that is transmitted either by direct contact with an
infected animal or contact with an object that is contaminated with the spores
(Sr OSF Q) How might brucellosis be spread from one dog to another?
(1) During breeding; or (2) Oral contact with vaginal discharges, aborted fetuses and
placentas, semen, or urine (They need to mention both ways – breeding and oral contact)
(Sr OSF Q) What is Ixodes? [ĭk-sō′dēz′]
The genus of ticks that transmit Lyme Disease
(Sr OSF Q) What is the intention for use of noncore vaccines?
For dogs with individual needs because their lifestyle represents a reasonable risk of
infection
(Sr OSF Q) What is the term called when one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum?
Why should these dogs be neutered?
(1) Cryptorchidism; and (2) They are more prone to testicular cancer
(Sr OSF Q) What type of bacterium causes the most common dog bite-associated bacterial
infection?
Pasteurella bacterium
(Sr OSF Q) What is Giardia intestinalis, where is it found internally in the dog, and how do dogs
typically get this?
(1) A protozoan; (2) Found in the upper small intestines of dogs; (3) Usually picked
up from drinking contaminated water
(Sr OSF Q) What 2 types of external parasites found on dogs belong to the arachnid family?
(1) Ticks and (2) Mites
(Sr OSF Q) What are 3 reasons why dogs diagnosed with brucellosis should be euthanized?
(1) To keep the disease from spreading to other dogs
(2) To keep the disease from possibly spreading humans
(3) There is no vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis
(4) There is no effective treatment for dogs with brucellosis.
(Int OSF Q) What are the 2 major divisions of a dog’s nervous system?
(1) Central nervous system (2) Peripheral nervous system
(Int OSF Q) How much of a dog’s body weight comes from the skeletal muscles (give range)?
One-third to one-half
(Int OSF Q) What does the term anthelmintic mean?
A deworming medication (agent)
(Int OSF Q) What type of parasite is Giardia intestinalis, which causes Giardia in dogs?
Protozoan
(Int OSF Q) What respiratory disease is caused by an H3N8 influenza virus?
Canine influenza (accept dog flu)
(Int OSF Q) What species of roundworms or ascarids is common to dogs?
Toxocara canis
(Int OSF Q) Name 5 types of internal parasites found in dogs.
(1) Roundworms; (2) Hookworms; (3) Whipworms; (4) Tapeworms; (5) Heartworms;
(6) Giardia
(Jr OSF Q) What is the range of a dog’s normal body temperature?
100.5 F to 102.5 F
(Jr OSF Q) Name 2 types of external parasites that might be found on or attached to your dog’s
skin?
(1) Fleas, (2) Ticks, (3) Lice, (4) Mites
(Jr OSF Q) In which organ can adult heartworms be found in a dog?
Heart
(Jr OSF Q) What is the range of the normal resting heart rate for most adult dogs?
60-160 beats per minute (bpm)
(Jr OSF Q) What species of tick is the main carrier of the bacteria that causes Lyme disease?
Deer tick (also known as black-legged tick) (Accept either)
(Jr OSF Q) If you come across a dog hit by a car, what is the first thing you should do and why?
(1) Muzzle the dog and (2) Because a dog in pain is likely to bite
(2018 Jr OSF Q) What is the best way to prevent the transmission of diseases?
Regular hand washing
(2018 Jr OSF Q) What is the name of the viral infection that attacks the central nervous system in all warm-blooded animals, resulting in paralysis and death?
Rabies
(2018 Jr OSF Q) What is the most common internal parasites in dogs?
Roundworms
(2018 Int OSF Q) Why can an overdose of worm medicine be harmful to dogs?
it is potentially toxic
(2018 Int OSF Q) When should you limit a dog’s exercise to help prevent GDV (Gastric Dilation-Volvulus)?
One hour before and 2 hours after eating
(2018 Sr OSF Q) What is canine influenza, or dog flu cause by?
An Influenza A H3N8 influenza virus
(2018 Sr OSF Q) Name 2 of the most common agents causing kennel cough. These can occur as one or in a combination of agents.
- Bordetella bronchi septic bacteria
- Parainfluenza virus
- Adenovirus
- Mycoplasma organism
(2018 Sr OSF Q) Name the intermediate hosts of the following 2 types of tapeworms that are found in dogs. 1. Diphylidium caninum and 2. Taenia species
- Diphylidium caninum=adult fleas and louse larvae
2. Teania species=Rabbits and rodents
(2018 Sr OSF Q) What is the common term for the Trompicula mite, and where are these most often found on the dog?
- Chiggers
2. On a dog’s legs, head and belly
(2018 Sr OSF Q) What are 2 ways ringworm can be transmitted to humans?
- Direct contact with the infected animal
2. Contact with an object that is contaminated with the spores
Why is it important to know how your pet acts under normal conditions when he is healthy?
So you can recognize behaviors that are abnormal and detect illnesses early.
Name the symptoms of Lyme disease.
Fever between 103-105 Lameness Swelling of joints Lethargy(not active) Loss of appetite.
Rabies and Leptospirosis are zoonotic diseases, what does that mean?
That they can be transmitted from animals to humans and humans to animals.
How long does it take for heartworms to develop into mature male and female heartworms?
About six months.
If you suspect your dog has swallowed poison, and vomiting is recommended, what can you give him to cause vomiting?
Give him 3%Hydrogen Peroxide using 1 teaspoon per 10 pounds of dog’s body weight.
How can humans, especially children, get roundworm?
The eggs can be passed from dogs to humans through dirt and other environments. Children play in dirt that is contaminated with eggs and then put their dirty hands in their mouth
Why should you not let dogs drink unfamiliar water?
Because it could cause diarrhea
Name three kinds of ticks typically found on dogs
1) American Dog Tick
2) Brown Dog Tick
3) Deer Tick
Segments of tapeworms are passed in the dog’s stool. What do these segments contain?
Tapeworm eggs
What causes Flea Allergy Dermatitis?
Protein found in the saliva of the flea
Where do Demodex mites live on the dog?
In the hair follicles and oil glands of the skin.
Ring Worm is a highly contagious fungus that infects dogs and humans. How is it transmitted?
By direct contact with an infected animal or with an object that is contaminated with the spores.
How is Brucellosis diagnosed and how is it transmitted?
Diagnosed with a blood culture or blood testing. It is spread from one dog to another during breeding or oral contact with vaginal discharges, aborted fetuses and placentas, semen or urine.
Name two signs of impacted anal sacs.
Dog licking at anus, biting at anus, scooting on the ground.
What is Gingivitis? And what are some signs of Gingivitis?
An early form of periodontal disease
Gums are red and or swollen and bleeding.
Name three symptoms of Parvovirus.
1) Vomiting
2) Diarrhea
3) Bloody or dark stools
4) Dehydration
5) Fever
6) Loss of appetite
7) Depression
What does DHLPP stand for?
Distemper Hepatitis Leptosporosis Parvo Virus Parainfluenza
What is the most common of the internal parasites in dogs?
Roundworms/ascarids
In reference to heartworms, what are the microfilariae?
The living larvae released by the female mosquito directly into the dogs bloodstream.
Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory disease. What are the three most common viruses and bacteria involved in causing kennel cough?
Canine parainfluenza Virus, Canine Adenovirus and Bordetella
What are the symptoms of Coronavirus?
Depression and loss of appetite
Vomiting and diarrhea which is foul smelling.
To what part of the dog does the adult tapeworm attach itself?
The lining of the small intestine
What is a vaccine?
A preparation that contains an antigen consisting of killed or weakened disease causing micro-organisms
At what age should the first rabies vaccination be given to a puppy? When should the booster shot be given after that?
3 to 5 months old
1 year
When do symptoms of Lyme disease usually appear in dogs?
Two to five months after exposure to the infected tick
Name three early symptoms of Heartworms
1) Shortness of breath
2) Shallow cough
3) Tiring easy
True or false: Once the symptoms of rabies develop, there is no cure and the disease is fatal.
True
What is Corona virus?
A highly contagious viral infection of the gastrointestinal tract, more specifically the upper two-thirds of the small intestine as well as local lymph nodes.
Why is it important to treat not only the dog, but the dogs environment, if the dog has mites?
Because mites can live several days off the host dog, and therefore infest the dog’s environment and the dog can continue to pick up mites from the infested environment.
How is Canine Hepatitis spread?
By body fluids, including urine and nasal discharge through direct contact with an infected animal.
It can also be transmitted through contaminated food and water bowls, dog runs, crates, people’s hands, boots etc.
Describe the life cycle of the flea.
1) Adult female fleas lays several eggs each day while living on the dog.
2) The eggs fall from the dog and hatch into larvae in 4 to 6 days.
3) The larvae feed on organic matter, molt twice, spin a cocoon, and develop into a pupa.
4) They emerge as adult fleas
At what age range should puppies receive their first vaccinations (core vaccinations)?
6 to 8 weeks
How is heartworm spread?
By mosquitos
What type of tick can transmit Lyme disease?
Deer tick
Why should you establish a year-round wellness program?
To keep your pet healthy and safe from diseases.
What is distemper?
A contagious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a virus that attacks every tissue in a dogs body.
What is another name for Kennel Cough?
Bordetella
What are fleas an intermediate host for?
Diphylidium Caninum tapeworm
What are three other names for Gastric Dilation-Volvulus (GDV)
Bloat
Gastric Torsion
Twisted Stomach
How might your dog act if he is having a seizure?
Shaking his head or body with uncontrolled spasms; Most epileptic seizures are brief only lasting a couple of minutes.
Repeated or prolonged seizures indicate what?
Poisoning and it should be treated by a vet immediately.
Name three ways a dog could get heatstroke.
Left in a car in warm or hot weather
Exercises in really hot humid weather
Left tied up outside without any protection from the sun
How are heartworms spread? How is it detected?
Spread by mosquitoes transferring the microfilariae from an infected dog to an uninfected dog.
It is detected by blood samples.
What are dog diseases or parasites that can be transmitted to humans?
Roundworms Ringworm Mange Rabbit fever Leptospirosis Rocky mountain spotted fever Rabies
Flea eggs hatch in how many days?
8 to 10 days
Give some methods of treatment for external parasites.
Medicated baths Powders Sprays Dips Topical treatments (from vet)
What type of internal parasites deplete a dogs blood supply?
Hookworms
Whipworms
Heartworms
What are the symptoms of leptospirosis in humans and dogs? How is it transmitted to dogs?
Humans- fever, headaches, muscular aches, inflammation of eyelids, jaundice
Dogs- fever, refusal of food, weakness, vomiting, increased thirst, muscle pain, bruising
Rats carry the disease to dog
What are the symptoms of distemper?
Vomiting Diarrhea Low hacking cough Runny eyes Clear or yellow discharge from the nose Paralysis or convulsions may occur Fever Dog may also show loss of appetite and depression
What are the symptoms of Hepatitis?
Vomiting Increased thirst; Dehydration Depression High fever Lack if appetite Respiratory disease
What are the symptoms of rabies and how is it transmitted?
Dog behave erratically, either very dull or very wild, frantic or furious
They may appear weak, have seizures, drool. and have difficulty swallowing
It is transmitted through saliva of an infected animal entering an open wound or a bite of something not infected
What is the first aid procedure that you can administer for bee sting?
If the dog is biting at the sting, apply a paste of bicarbonate of soda and water
Contact a vet if dog has been badly stung
What is the first aid procedure that you can administer for diarrhea?
Withhold for for 24 hours but allow dog to drink plenty of water.
Anti-diarrhea products sold for humans may be used but amount given depends on the size of the dog
What is the first aid procedure that you can administer for heatstroke?
Cool the dog quickly by immersing in cool water, by spraying with a hose, or putting wet dog in front of fan.
Then take to vet as soon as possible
What is the first aid procedure that you can administer for poison?
If vomiting is recommended by poison ingested by dog, give the dog a 3% hydrogen peroxide using one teaspoon per 10 pounds of the dogs body weight. Vomiting should occur shortly after. After stomach is empty, activated charcoal should be given
What is the name of the disease caused by Canine Adenovirus Type 1?
Hepatitis
What is another term for Demodectic mange?
Red mange
Puppy Mange
Follicular Mange
What viral disease sometimes produces a condition known as blue eye?
Hepatitis
Name something that can be used to delay the absorption of poison from the digestive tract.
Activated charcoal
milk
egg white
vegetable oil.
The disease is characterized by circular, scaly areas where the hair has been lost. It can easily be transmitted to humans. It is caused by fungi. Name this disease.
Ringworm
What is a cause of rickets?
Deficiencies of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, or sometimes magnesium.
What does VCPR stand for?
Veterinarian
Client
Patient
Relationship
Name a few strategies that you should include in your wellness program.
Active involvement with your vet Regular vaccinations Internal/external parasite prevention Maintain dogs coat and nail quality with regular grooming Provide plenty of fresh water Practice regular hand washing
Name some characteristics of a healthy dog.
Shiny hair, coat is free of bald spots Is active and alert Drink water regularly Doesnt have bad breath Pink gums and tongue Has good appetite Clean eyes Clean ears
Name some signs of an unhealthy dog.
Loss of appetite Change in mood Irritable Vomiting Coughing Pale gums or tongue Nasal or ocular discharge Restlessness Loss of hair, open sores ECT, so many more
What are vaccine used for?
To prevent or treat infectious diseases by giving immunity against the disease caused by the microorganisms.
Examples of noncore vaccinations.
Canine para influenza
Bordetella
Leptospirosis
Coronavirus
When should booster shots be given?
10 to 12 weeks and 14 to 16 weeks
What part of the dogs body does rabies affect?
Central nervous system and respiratory system
Why is rabies rare in humans?
Because of pets today receiving vaccinations to prevent contraction of the disease.
What is the incubation period for rabies? (give range)
Can take anywhere from a week to a few months.
If coronavirus occurs with ____, it can make it a serious infection.
Parvovirus
True or false: Coronavirus on its own is considered a mild disease.
True
How is coronavirus transmitted?
Exposure to feces or oral secretions from an infected dog
How long can coronavirus remain in the body and shed into the dogs stool?
For as long as six months
What can you do to treat coronavirus?
Controlling vomiting and diarrhea
Keeping dog hydrated
Vaccine is also possibility
Severe cases of distemper progress to which system in the body? What does this cause in the dog?
Central nervous system
Severe muscle twitching
Seizures
Paralysis
When is there little hope of recovery for distemper?
When it reaches the central nervous system
Is the distemper vaccine a core or non core vaccine?
Core vaccine
What does hepatitis affect in the dog?
Liver
Kidneys
Central nervous system
And other organs
Animals recovered from hepatitis can be affected with what afterwards?
Chronic illnesses
Eye disease
The CAV-1 virus is a vaccine for what disease? Is it core or non core?
Hepatitis
Core vaccine
What does leptospirosis attack in the dog?
Liver
Kidneys
Central nervous system
What are some prevention methods for leptospirosis?
Vaccination (non core)
Sanitation of contaminated areas
Hand washing
If left untreated, what can leptospirosis cause?
Kidney damage or liver failure
Leptospirosis vaccinations offer protection for how long for dogs?
6 to 8 months
How is leptospirosis transmitted?
By contact with urine from infected animals including dogs, raccoons, squirrels, skunks, and cattle
Also spread indirectly through exposure to contaminated water, food, and bedding
What is parvovirus?
A highly contagious viral disease
What pathogen causes parvovirus?
Canine parvovirus (CPV)
How is parvovirus transmitted?
Through the feces or fluids of an infected dog
Virus also lives on kennel floors, food and water bowls, boots, clothing…
How long is parvovirus present in feces after infestation?
Up to three weeks
What does parvovirus affect in dogs?
The gastrointestinal tract
Possibly the heart muscle
How early can death occur from parovirus?
As early as 2 days
Is the parvovirus vaccine core or non core?
Core vaccine
The parvovirus vaccine does not provide immediate immunity which mean what? How long is the period until they are immune?
That there is a window of susceptibility where they are at risk.
A few days
Kennel cough affect what in a dog?
Respiratory system
Symptoms of kennel cough (bordetella).
Harsh, hacking cough
May gag or retch
How long can it take for kennel cough to run its course in a dog?
1 to 2 weeks
What is the primary risk from kennel cough?
a secondary infection of bacterial pneumonia
Canine parainfluenza virus is a highly contagious virus of what system?
Respiratory
Parainfluenza virus is considered the most common viral agent of what disease?
kennel cough
Symptoms of parainfluenza virus. How long do symptoms lasts?
Coughing Sneezing Runny eyes Low-grade fever Nasal discharge Lack of energy Loss of appetite Up to 6 days
Parainfluenza virus is excreted from the respiratory tract of infected dogs for up to how long?
2 weeks
How is parainfluenza virus transmitted?
Through the air
spread really fast in kennels
What is another name for canine influenza?
Dog flu
Signs of canine influenza.
Coughing Sneezing Nasal discharge Fever Some so no signs
How can canine influenza be transmitted?
Direct contact with aerosolized respiratory secretions from infected dogs
By uninfected dogs coming into contact with contaminated objects
By moving contaminated objects or materials between infected and uninfected dogs
Give ways on how to prevent canine influenza.
Clean and disinfect hands surfaces, clothing, and equipment.
Lyme disease is transmitted by what?
Ticks- Deer tick
What are ticks with Lyme disease infected by?
A bacteria called a spirochete
What may happen if Lyme disease is not promptly diagnosed and treated?
Arthritis
What kind of prevention methods could you use against Lyme disease?
Removing ticks before they attack or within 24 hours after attaching
Using flea and tick preventative
Vaccines are also avaliable
Signs of roundworm infections.
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Constipation
Pot-belly appearance
Where do roundworm eggs hatch?
In the intestines
What do adult ascarids (roundworms) look like?
Thin spaghetti
Describe life cycle of roundworms.
Eggs hatch in intestines
Enter the blood stream as young embryos
Migrate through all the body tissues
Eventually migrating back to intestines where they develop to maturity, lay eggs, and start the cycle again.
