CHAPTER 16 - FIRE STREAMS Flashcards
1
Q
Quantity of heat absorbed by a substance at the point at which it changes from a liquid to a vapor
A
Latent heat of vaporization
2
Q
Loss of pressure created by the turbulence of water moving against the interior walls of firehose, pipes, fittings, and adapters
A
Friction loss
3
Q
Force created by the rapid deceleration of water causing a violent increase in pressure that can be powerful enough to rupture piping or damage fixtures.
A
Waterhammer
4
Q
Stream of water or other water-based extinguishing agent after it leaves the fire hose and nozzle until it reaches the desired point
A
Fire stream
5
Q
The minimum flow rate at which extinguishment can be achieved
A
Critical flowrate
6
Q
Hose stream that stays together as a solid mass, as opposed to a fog or spray stream
A
Solid stream
7
Q
Velocity pressure at which water is discharged from the nozzle
A
Nozzle pressure
8
Q
Fire stream of finely divided particles used for fire control
A
Fog stream
9
Q
A nozzle with a straight, Smooth tip, designed to produce a solid fire stream
A
Smoothbore nozzle
10
Q
And adjustable pattern nozzle equipped with a shut off control device
A
Fog nozzle
11
Q
Semi solid stream that is produced by a fog nozzle
A
Straight stream
12
Q
Stream of water that has been broken into coarsely divided drops
A
Broken stream
13
Q
Large caliber water stream usually supplied by combining two or more hose lines into a manifold device or by fixed piping that delivers 350 gallons per minute or more
A
Master stream
14
Q
Valve having a ball shaped internal component with a hole through its center that permits water to flow through when aligned with the waterway
A
Ball valve
15
Q
Counter force directed against a person holding a nozzle or a device holding a nozzle by the velocity of water being discharged
A
Nozzle reaction
16
Q
The primary way water extinguishes fire is by absorbing heat. True or false?
A
True
17
Q
Water broken into small particles absorbs heat last rapidly than water in a compact solid stream. True or false?
A
False – absorbs more rapidly
18
Q
Steam produced during the firefighting is an unintended byproduct of water used as an extinguishing agent. True or false?
A
False – it is necessary for effective and efficient use of water
19
Q
To extinguish a fire by cooling, the heat absorbing capability of the fire stream must exceed the heat output of fire.
A
True
20
Q
Once the nozzle pressure has produced a fog stream with maximum reach, increasing nozzle pressure does little more then increase the volume of water flowing. True or false?
A
True
21
Q
NFPA 1963 statuses three general categories of nozzles; straight Tip, spray, and piercing. True or false?
A
False – two categories; straight Tip and spray
22
Q
A celler nozzle is usually controlled by a valve located one section of hose away from the nozzle. True or false?
A
True
23
Q
Rotary control valves control both the flow of water and the discharge pattern of the fire stream. True or false?
A
True
24
Q
As a fog pattern widens, the nozzle reaction increases and the nozzle becomes more difficult to handle. True or false?
A
False – the reaction decreases
25
Basic nozzle maintenance, care, and cleaning should always be performed according to the manufacturers recommendations. True or false?
True
26
During a training evolution, the operator of the hand of line quickly closed the nozzle control valve. The hose line and water pump or damaged by the resulting pressure surge, referred to as______.
Waterhammer
27
Observations and tests classify streams that do not lose continuity until after the break over point and that are cohesive enough to maintain their original shape and attain the required height as______.
Effective streams
28
Large volume fire streams are created by apparatus mounted pipes. These streams, which can be fed by one or more 2 1/2 or 3 inch hose lines or large diameter hose lines, are called_____.
Master stream
29
One type of valve, when fully open, gives maximum flow and performance. This valve, which provides effective control with minimum effort, Is the______.
Ball valve
30
Water flowing from a nozzle creates a force in the direction of the stream and equal force in the opposite direction, pushing back against the operator. This force that acts against the nozzle and the curves in the hose line, and can make the nozzle difficult to handle, is called_____.
Nozzle reaction
31
Fire stream that discharges less than 40 gallons per minute
Low-volume stream
32
Fire stream that discharges more than 350 gallons per minute
Master stream
33
Fire stream that discharges from 40 to 350 gallons per minute
Hand line stream
34
Fire stream that is supplied by a large diameter hose line
Master stream
35
Fire stream that is supplied by 1 1/2 to 3 inch hose
Hand line stream
36
Fire stream that is supplied by one or more 2 1/2 or 3 inch hose lines
Master stream
37
Firescreen that is supplied by 3/4 inch, 1 inch, or one and a half inch hose lines
Low-volume stream
38
Compact stream with a little shower or spray
Solid stream
39
Find the spray composed of tiny water droplets
Fog stream
40
Stream broken into coarsely divide droplets
Broken stream
41
Produced by fixed orifice, smooth bore nozzle
Solid stream
42
Has characteristics most similar to solid stream
Straight stream
43
Able to reach areas other streams might not reach
Solid stream
44
Created by cellar, penetrating, and chimney nozzles
Broken stream
45
Semi solid stream produced by an adjustable nozzle
Straight stream
46
Can be used for crew protection, and to cool the hot fire gas layer
Fog stream
47
Exposes maximum surface for greatest heat absorption per gallon
Fog stream
48
Produces less steam conversion and less heat absorption per gallon
Solid stream
49
Can have narrow too wide pattern produced by adjustable pattern nozzle
Fog stream
50
Used to extinguish fires in attics, cocklofts, basements and other enclosed spaces.
Broken stream
51
And adjustable pattern fog nozzle in which the rated discharge is delivered at a designed nozzle pressure and nozzle setting
Basic fog nozzle
52
And adjustable pattern fog nozzle in which the pressure remains relatively constant through a range of discharge rates
Constant pressure (automatic) fog nozzle
53
An adjustable pattern fog nozzle that discharges a constant discharge rate throughout the range of patterns at a designed nozzle pressure
Constant gallonage fog nozzle
54
A constant discharge rate fog nozzle with a feature that allows manual adjustment of the orifice to affect a predetermined discharge rate while the nozzle is flowing
Constant/select gallonage fog nozzle
55
Approximately how many BTU per pound is required to vaporize water at the boiling point?
970
56
What will cause the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases in a compartment to expand downward?
Steamer formed in contact with hot surfaces
57
An increase and water pressure at the nozzle might be caused by:
Placing the nozzle below the fire pump
58
If the nozzle is above the fire pump, nozzle pressure is_____.
Decreased
59
Fire stream patterns are defined by the volume of water flowing from the nozzle per minute and the:
Specific pattern or shape of the water after it leaves the nozzle
60
In actual operation, fire stream angles between____provide maximum reach.
30 to 34°
61
Smoothbore nozzle's are usually operated at___PSI.
50
62
Which nozzle creates a straight stream?
Fog nozzle
63
Which nozzle is used to apply water in confined spaces that attack hose lines cannot reach?
Piercing nozzle
64
Which nozzle control valves stops the flow of water by rotating a smooth waterway perpendicular to the flow of water?
Ball valve
65
The primary way water extinguishes fire is by excluding oxygen to the fuel. True or false?
False
66
To prevent water hammer, valves, nozzles, and hydrants should be closed slowly. True or false?
True
67
Rotary control valves control both the flow of water and the discharge pattern of a fire stream. True or false?
True
68
Nozzles should be stored with the control valve bale in the open position. True or false?
False
69
The energy required to change a liquid into a vapor is:
Latent heat of vaporization
70
Friction loss may be overcome by:
Adding additional parallel hose lines
71
Which fire stream is supplied by 1 1/2 to 3 inch hose, and discharges from 40 to 35 gallons per minute?
Hand line stream
72
Which fire stream pattern has the ability to reach areas other streams might not reach?
Solid stream
73
Which type of nozzle can be adjusted, resulting in different patterns?
Fog
74
Which type of nozzle can be used to affectively control fires in concealed spaces?
Piercing
75
The type of nozzle control valve that seals a movable cylinder against a shaped cone to turn off the flow of water is the:
Slide valve
76
When operating a hand line, a firefighter should open the control valve slowly:
To better control nozzle reaction
77
Foam works by forming a blanket of foam on the surface of burning liquid and solid fuels. True or false?
True
78
Foam concentrate, water, and air can be mixed in almost any proportion to produce good quality foam. True or false?
False – must be present and blended in the correct ratios removing any elements results in either no foam production or poor quality foam
79
Extinguishing agent formed by mixing a foam concentrate with water and aerating the solution for expansion
Foam
80
Chemical compound solution that is mixed with water and air to produce finished foam
Foam concentrate
81
Device that introduces foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution
Foam proportioner
82
Mixture of foam concentrate and water before the introduction of air
Foam solution
83
Completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution
Finished foam
84
Results of adding air to a foam solution consisting of water and foam concentrate
Foam expansion
85
Foam specially designed for use on class A combustibles
Class A foam
86
Chemical that lowers the surface tension of the liquid; allows water to spread more rapidly over the surface of class a fuels and penetrates organic fuels
Surfactant
87
The effect of the surfactant on the water/concentrate solution
Surface tension
88
Foam designed for use on unignited or ignited class B flammable or combustible liquids
Class B foam
89
Synthetic phone concentrate that, when combined with water, can form a complete vapor barrier over fuel spills and is a highly effective extinguishing and blanketing agent on hydrocarbon fuels
Aqueous film forming foam
90
Foam concentrate that combines the qualities of fluoroprotein foam with those of aqueous film forming foam
Film forming fluoroprotein foam
91
Having a thick, sticky, adhesive consistency
Viscous
92
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
pH
93
Mixing of water with an appropriate amount of foam concentrate to form a foam solution
Proportioning
94
Process used to mix foam concentrate with water and a nozzle or proportioner; concentrate is drawn into the water stream by the Venturi method
Eduction
95
Physical law stating that one of fluid, such as water or air, is forced under pressure through a restricted orifice, there is an increase in the velocity of the fluid passing through orifice and a corresponding decrease in the pressure exerted against the sides of the constriction
Venturi principal
96
Method of proportioning phone that uses and external pump or head pressure to force phone concentrate into the fire stream at the correct ratio for the flow desired
Injection
97
Mixing premeasured portions of water in foam concentrate into a container
Pre-mixing
98
Generic term used to describe a high-energy foam generation system of a water pump a foam proportioning system and an air compressor that injects air into the foam solution before it enters a hose line
Compressed air foam system
99
Eductor that is placed along the length of a hoseline
In-line Eductor
100
Any nozzle that can be safe we handled by 1-3 firefighters and flows less than 350 gallons per minute
Handline nozzle
101
Form provided by the manufacturer and blender of chemicals that contains info about chemical compound, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response procedures, and waste disposal procedures, of the specific material
Safety data sheet
102
Ethanol or ethanol-based fuels require alcohol resistant foams for extinguishment. True or false?
True
103
In-line foam eductors are the most common type of foam proportioner currently in use. True or false?
True
104
Compressed air foam systems are common portable foam proportioning devices. True or false?
True
105
Smoothbore nozzle's may be used to apply a wide range of foam solutions. True or false?
False – it is limited to certain types
106
Air aspirating foam nozzles are the most effective appliance for the generation of low expansion foam. True or false?
True
107
When applying phone to a pool of liquid fuel, the operator should stop periodically to see if the fire is extinguished before the pool is covered. True or false?
False – continue until entire surface is covered and fire is extinguished
108
Foam concentrate compose serious health risk to firefighters. True or false?
False – they pose minimal health risks
109
Class a foams will not extinguish class B fires; class B foams designed solely for hydrocarbon fires Will not extinguish polar solvent fires. To be effective, foam concentrates must match______.
The fuel to which they are applied
110
For maximum effectiveness, foam concentrates must be proportioned at the specific percentage for which they were designed. Failure to follow proportioning procedures will result in____.
Poor quality foam that may not perform as desired
111
In addition to a pump to supply water and a firehose to transport it, two other pieces of equipment are needed to produce a foam fire stream: A foam proportioner and ________.
A foam delivery device
112
The ________ adds air into the foam solution to produce finished foam.
Foam generating system/nozzle
113
An appropriate amount of foam concentrate is introduced into the water stream by the___.
Foam proportioner
114
Two basic types of medium and high expansion foam generating devices are water aspirating type nozzles and__________.
Mechanical blower
115
Create a barrier between the fuel and fire
Separating
116
Lowers the temperature of the fuel and adjacent surfaces
Cooling
117
Prevent air from reaching the fuel and mixing with vapors and prevents the release of flammable vapors
Smothering
118
Lowers the surface tension of water and allows it to penetrate fires in class a materials
Penetrating
119
20 to 1 air/solution ratio
Low expansion foam
120
20 to 1 to 200 to 1 air/solution ratios
Medium expansion foam
121
200 to 1 to 1000 to 1 air/solution ratios
High expansion foam
122
Used to suppress vapors from a hazardous material spill's
Medium expansion foam
123
Synthetic foaming agents typically used in confined spaces
High expansion foam
124
Used through hydraulically operated nozzle style delivery devices
Medium expansion phone
125
Effective for controlling and extinguishing most class B fires, and cooling and penetrating class a fires
Low expansion foam
126
Simplest method of mixing foam concentrate and water
Batch mixing
127
Premeasured portions of water and foam concentrate are mixed in a container
Pre-mixing
128
Commonly used to mix foam within fire apparatus water tank or portable tank
Batch mixing
129
Uses external pump or head pressure to force foam concentrate into fire stream
Injection
130
Uses pressure energy in a stream of water to induct foam concentrate into the fire stream
Eduction
131
Pump may require additional maintenance due to degreasing properties of foam
Batch mixing
132
Commonly employed in apparatus mounted or fixed fire protection system applications
Injection
133
Depends on Venturi principle to draw foam from concentrate container into water stream
Eduction
134
In most cases, solutions are discharged from a pressure rated tank using compressed inert gas for air
Pre-mixing
135
Typically used with portable extinguishers, wheeled extinguishers, and vehicle mounted tank systems
Premixing
136
Foam proportioning system which hose lines contain finished phone
Compressed air foam systems
137
Foam proportioning system with simplest and most common devices in use today
Portable foam proportioners
138
Foam proportioning system which includes in-line eductors and phone nozzle eductors
Portable foam proportioners
139
Foam proportioning system where onboard air compressor as air to create finished foam
Compressed air foam systems
140
Foam proportioning system which includes around the pump proportioners, and balanced pressure proportioners
Apparatus mounted proportioners
141
Foam proportioning system commonly found on aircraft rescue and fire fighting apparatus and fire boats
Apparatus mounted proportioners
142
Foam concentrates generate Buggles through chemical reaction when concentrates are mixed with water. True or false?
False
143
Alcohol resistant phones are specially developed for polar solvents and ethanol based fuels. True or false?
True
144
For maximum effectiveness, foam concentrates must be proportioned at the specific percentage for which they were designed. True or false?
True
145
When applying phone to a pool of liquid fuel, the operator continues to apply phone until it spreads across the entire surface of the fuel. True or false?
True
146
Foam concentrates pose minimal health risks to firefighters. True or false?
True
147
Foam works by forming a blanket of foam on the surface of burning fuels. True or false?
True
148
Class B firms are effective on the hydrocarbon fuels and polar solvents. True or false?
True
149
The most common type of phone proportioner in use is the:
In-line foam eductor
150
Which nozzles pump foam solution through the nozzle and a fine spray that mixes with air to form foam?
Water aspirating nozzle
151
Poor quality foam may result from:
Mixing different types of foam concentrates in the same tank
152
Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a specified unit of mass of the material 1° in temperature
Specific heat
