Chapter 16: Drugs for Psychoses Flashcards
What is Neurosis?
Neurosis is a class of functional mental disorders involving distress with neither delusions nor hallucinations, wherby behaviour is not oustide socially acceptable norms.
Maladaptive learned behavior.
What is Psychosis?
- Psychosis is given to the more sever forms of psychiatric disorders, during which hallucinations, delusions and impaired insight may occur.
- Loss of Contact with reality and Disruption of Brain function.
- Neurochemical Imbalance
What can cause the neurcochemical imbalance in psychosis?
- Drugs/Chemicals
- Neurodegeneration
- Genetic and environmental factors including neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
In regards to antipsychotic drugs,
What does Atypical Mean?
Atypical means substanially lower risk of Extra Pyramidal Side effects.
What 3 categories can symptoms of mental disorders be divided into?
- Alterations in cognitive control
- Positive Symptoms
- Negative Symptoms
What are Positive Symptoms?
Symptoms that most indiviuals do not normally experience but are present in the disorder. It reflects an excess or distortion or normal functions (experiences and behaviours that have been added to a person’s normal way of functioning.)
Important Characteristics: Easy to tell, Hallucinations fall in this category, Linked to Dopamine.
What are negative symptoms?
Symptoms that are not present or that are diminished in the affected persons but are normally found in healthy people. It reflects a diminution or loss of normal functions
( something that has been taken away from a person’s normal way of functioning)
Important Characteristics: Linked to serotonin, does not involve hallucinations, diminshed emotions in this category.
What are alterations in cognitive control?
Lack of ability to adjust thoughts and behaviors to achieve goals.
What is the Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia?
DA receptor over-stimulation mimics Schizophrenia
What type/mechanism of drugs are anti-schizophrenia drugs?
Dopamine D2 Antagonists
What type of symptoms to DA Antagonists help?
Reduce Positive Symptoms but not the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia.
What is Amphetamine Pyschosis caused by?
Cocaine-induced psychosis and amphetamine psychosis share similarities in their impact on the brain’s norepinephrine (NE) system. Cocaine increases NE levels by blocking its reuptake at synapses, resulting in heightened arousal, vigilance, and anxiety, which can contribute to paranoid delusions and psychotic symptoms. Amphetamines also elevate NE by stimulating its release and inhibiting reuptake, leading to a similar but often more prolonged overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. This NE dysregulation amplifies the hypervigilance and paranoia seen in psychosis. The heightened NE activity, combined with excessive dopamine signaling, creates a neurochemical environment conducive to psychotic states in users of both drugs.
What is adverse effect of therapy in Parkinson’s Disease?
Psychosis
What are the Rational uses for antipsychotics?
What are the long acting preparations of Antipsychotics?
Given These Properties,
What drug is this?
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Given these properties,
What drug is this?
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Given these properties,
What drug is this?
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Given these properties,
What drug is this?
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Given these properties
What drug is this?
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Given these properties,
What drug is this?
Pimavanserin (Nuplazid)
If there are alot of side effects from blocking DA with antipsychotics - what can we use to relieve side effects?
Need Da and Ach back in balance - do not want to alter DA levels otherwise could be reversing antipsychotic treatment.
Can use Trihexyphenidyl or Benzotropine to rebalance.
