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Root Words > Chapter 16- DNA > Flashcards

Chapter 16- DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Nonpathogenic

A

Non virulent

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2
Q

Pathogenic

A

Virulent (lethal/hard to kill by immune response)

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3
Q

Virus (structure)

A

Protein and DNA

only reproduce

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4
Q

Lytic Cycle

A

Viral reproduction

Replicates then destroys

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5
Q

Lysogenic cycle

A

Virus dormant then something causes lytic cycle

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6
Q

Why does immune system want to destroy cell after it is infected with the virus?

A

So it will not replicate and spread the virus to other cells through mitosis

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7
Q

What do viruses inject?

A

DNA

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8
Q

Ghost

A

Virus “shell” after DNA is injected into cell

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9
Q

Watson and Crick

A

Studied structure of DNA

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10
Q

Phosphodiester

A

Bond that holds DNA backbone together

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11
Q

Deoxyribose

A

DNA Sugar

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12
Q

Nucleotide

A

Phosphate + sugar + nitrogen base

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13
Q

Adenine and thymine bond

A

Double hydrogen

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14
Q

Cytosine and guanine (bond)

A

Triple hydrogen

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15
Q

Adenine and thymine (structure)

A 
Purine
Double rings (carbon backbone)
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16
Q

Cytosine and thymine (structure)

A 
Pyrimidine 
Single ring (carbon backbone)
17
Q

Chargoff’s rule

A

A=T + C=G =100% Bp

18
Q

Unit for sizing DNA fragments

A

Base pairs

19
Q

DNA charge

20
Q

Why does DNA have a negative charge?

A

Phosphates in backbone

21
Q

DNA replication

A

Copying DNA in the SPhase of interphase

Uncoil, unzip bases, replicate

22
Q

Single binding protein

A

Keeps bubbles open in DNA Replication

23
Q

Topoisomerase

A

Keeps DNA from tangling

24
Q

DNA polymerase 3

A

Builds new DNA strand by attaching nucleotides in 5’ to 3’ direction

25
Q

DNA Polymerase 1

A

Builds DNA by taking out RNA primer and fills with DNA

26
Q

RNA Primase

A

Lays of down RNA primer and tells DNA pol3 where go start synthesizing DNA

27
Q

Leading strand

A

Follows helicase

28
Q

Lagging strand

A

Does not follow helicase and creates Okazaki fragments

29
Q

Okazaki fragments

A

Fragments on lagging side

30
Q

DNA Ligase

A

Seals backbone and puts Okazaki fragments together

31
Q

What direction does DNA synthesis occur in?

A

5’ to 3’

32
Q

Telomere

A

End of DNA that shortens with age

33
Q

Telomerase

A

Add DNA to the end of lagging strand

34
Q

What kind of cells is telomerase found in?

A

Cancer and embryonic

35
Q

Transformation

A

Process of tranferring an inherited trait by DNA extraction

Root Words (26 decks)

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