Chapter 16- DNA

Question 1

Nonpathogenic

Answer 1

Non virulent

Question 2

Pathogenic

Answer 2

Virulent (lethal/hard to kill by immune response)

Question 3

Virus (structure)

Answer 3

Protein and DNA

only reproduce

Question 4

Lytic Cycle

Answer 4

Viral reproduction

Replicates then destroys

Question 5

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 5

Virus dormant then something causes lytic cycle

Question 6

Why does immune system want to destroy cell after it is infected with the virus?

Answer 6

So it will not replicate and spread the virus to other cells through mitosis

Question 7

What do viruses inject?

Answer 7

DNA

Question 8

Ghost

Answer 8

Virus “shell” after DNA is injected into cell

Question 9

Watson and Crick

Answer 9

Studied structure of DNA

Question 10

Phosphodiester

Answer 10

Bond that holds DNA backbone together

Question 11

Deoxyribose

Answer 11

DNA Sugar

Question 12

Nucleotide

Answer 12

Phosphate + sugar + nitrogen base

Question 13

Adenine and thymine bond

Answer 13

Double hydrogen

Question 14

Cytosine and guanine (bond)

Answer 14

Triple hydrogen

Question 15

Adenine and thymine (structure)

Answer 15

Purine
Double rings (carbon backbone)

Question 16

Cytosine and thymine (structure)

Answer 16

Pyrimidine 
Single ring (carbon backbone)

Question 17

Chargoff’s rule

Answer 17

A=T + C=G =100% Bp

Question 18

Unit for sizing DNA fragments

Answer 18

Base pairs

Question 19

DNA charge

Answer 19

NEGATIVE

Question 20

Why does DNA have a negative charge?

Answer 20

Phosphates in backbone

Question 21

DNA replication

Answer 21

Copying DNA in the SPhase of interphase

Uncoil, unzip bases, replicate

Question 22

Single binding protein

Answer 22

Keeps bubbles open in DNA Replication

Question 23

Topoisomerase

Answer 23

Keeps DNA from tangling

Question 24

DNA polymerase 3

Answer 24

Builds new DNA strand by attaching nucleotides in 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 25

DNA Polymerase 1

Answer 25

Builds DNA by taking out RNA primer and fills with DNA

Question 26

RNA Primase

Answer 26

Lays of down RNA primer and tells DNA pol3 where go start synthesizing DNA

Question 27

Leading strand

Answer 27

Follows helicase

Question 28

Lagging strand

Answer 28

Does not follow helicase and creates Okazaki fragments

Question 29

Okazaki fragments

Answer 29

Fragments on lagging side

Question 30

DNA Ligase

Answer 30

Seals backbone and puts Okazaki fragments together

Question 31

What direction does DNA synthesis occur in?

Answer 31

5’ to 3’

Question 32

Telomere

Answer 32

End of DNA that shortens with age

Question 33

Telomerase

Answer 33

Add DNA to the end of lagging strand

Question 34

What kind of cells is telomerase found in?

Answer 34

Cancer and embryonic

Question 35

Transformation

Answer 35

Process of tranferring an inherited trait by DNA extraction