Chapter 16- Cognitive, Cerebral Hemodynamics, Motor Function

Question 1

5 patterns neurological function to assess consciousness

Answer 1

1. level of consciousness
2. pattern of breathing
3. pupillary reaction
4. oculomotor responses
5. motor responses

Question 2

agnosia

Answer 2

failure to recognize form and nature of objects (tactile, visual, or auditory)

ex: can’t ID safety pin by touching with hand but able to name it when looking at it

Question 3

aphasia

Answer 3

impairment of comprehension or production on language with impaired communication

Question 4

Patho tonic/clonic seizure

Answer 4

tonic= excitation subcortical, thalamic, brainstem; muscle contraction w increased muscle tone

clonic= inhibitory neurons in cortex, anterior thalamus, basal ganglia react to excitement; alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles

Question 5

Mirror focus definition

Answer 5

seizure focus in brain for long period of time, mirror focus develops contralateral normal tissue causing more widespread seizure activity in brain

Question 6

S/S preictal phase generalized tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 6

Prodroma (hrs/day before seizure)
- anxiety, depression, inability think clear

Aura
- sensory experience immediately before seizure

Question 7

S/S ictus or the ictal phase generalized tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 7

contraction/relaxation
1. relaxed urinary/bowel sphincters (incontinence)
2. airway

Question 8

S/S postictal phase of generalized tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 8

Can last 1-2 days
1. HA
2. confusion
3. dysphasia
4. memory loss
5. paralysis
6. deep sleep

Question 9

status epilepticus in adults definition

Answer 9

1. continuous seizure > 5 min
   OR
2. rapid seizures before regained consciousness
   OR
3. single seizure > 30 min

Question 10

What’s Huntington’s Disease/chorea

Answer 10

• Rare, hereditary (autosomal dominant), degenerative hyperkinetic movement disorder
• all races, esp. European ancestry

Question 11

When does Huntington’s disease present (age?)

Answer 11

35-44 y/o when trait may have already been passed to children

Question 12

Clinical manifestations Huntington’s

Answer 12

extrapyramidal (nerves/motor activity) slowly develop over 15-20 years

1. involuntary hyperkinetic movements
   a. *chorea (jerky abnorm movement face/arms then
   whole body)
   b. athetosis (slow, sinuous, irregular movements distal
   extremities. More rhythmic/slower. Characteristic
   hand posture; slowly fluctuating grimace)
   c. ballism (wild flinging movement limbs; severe, lateral,
   doesn’t stop w/ sleep)
2. emotional lability
3. Cognitive deficits (slow think, loss memory, reduced
   plan/organize/sequence)
4. disabling apathy, anxiety, depression