Chapter 16 Chronic Health Conditions and Physical or Functional Limitations

Question 1

How well are children able to perform endurance tasks?

How does this effect their exercise program?

Answer 1

Endurance tasks very well.

They should get 60 minutes or more of physical activity every day.

Question 2

How well can children perform sustained (10-90 sec), high intensity tasks?

How does this effect their exercise program?

Answer 2

Decreased ability.

They should do less reps (6-8) for strength development and have sufficient rest and recovery intervals.

Question 3

Are glycolytic enzymes lower or higher in children than in adults and how does this affect them?

Answer 3

Lower glycolytic enzymes in children, so they cannot sustain high-intensity exercise.

Question 4

How well do children tolerate extreme environments and why?

Answer 4

Not well, because they have delayed and limited ability to sweat.

Question 5

In youth, should progression be based on postural control or the amount of weight that can be used?

Answer 5

Postural control

Question 6

What is special about oxygen demand and uptake levels in children?

Answer 6

Oxygen uptake does not exhibit a plateau like in adults, but they have a greater demand for oxygen during high intensity exercise.

Question 7

Obese individuals are prone to hypo and hypertensive responses to exercise. How does this affect their program?

Answer 7

Prone and supine positions should be avoided

Question 8

One type of diabetes cannot produce insulin and one has cells that are resistant to insulin. Which is which? Which is helped by exercise? Which need snacks and an insulin kit readily available?

Answer 8

Type 1 cannot produce insulin.
Need snacks and an insulin kit readily available.

Type 2 have cells resistant to insulin.
Improves with exercise.

Question 9

Why is it important to know if someone is on a medication that affects heart rate

Answer 9

One cannot accurately measure intensity of exertion based on the client’s heart rate.

Question 10

What is considered normal blood pressure?

What is considered high blood pressure?

Answer 10

< 120 / 80

> 140 / 90

Question 11

What is contraindicated for clients with high blood pressure?

Answer 11

Supine or prone positions

Question 12

What resistance training style is best for clients with hypertension?

Answer 12

Peripheral Heart Action or circuit-training style.

Question 13

What is Valsalva Maneuver?

What conditions need to avoid this?

Answer 13

when they try to exhale forcibly with a closed glottis/windpipe, so that no air exits through the mouth or nose.

Hypertension and Coronary Heart Disease

Question 14

What sort of conditions should the tempo (4/1/1) instead of (4/2/1) be used for resistance training?

Answer 14

Clients with hypertension or Coronary Heart Disease

Question 15

Clients wiith hypertension should engage in what intensity aerobic exercise and may want to avoid what level resistance exercise?

Answer 15

Engage in low intensity aerobic exercise, and and avoid high intensity, high volume resistance training.

Question 16

How should clients with hypertension determine intensity of exercise?

Answer 16

Measuring heart rate instead of relying or estimates or equations.

Question 17

For what condition should fitness trainers not compromise on obtaining the upper safe limit of exercise and any other restrictions?

Answer 17

Coronary Heart Disease

Question 18

How should one measure intensity of exercise for clients with Coronary Heart Disease?

Answer 18

Symptoms supersede anything else as a sign to decrease or stop exercising. Clients still must have the capacity to monitor and find their own pulse rate or use an accurate monitor to stay below their safe upper limit since some clients my not have warning signs. The talk test and RPE are important

Question 19

What is angina?

Answer 19

chest pain

Question 20

What resistance training style is best for clients with CHD?

Answer 20

Circuit training or Peripheral Hear Action, (just like clients with hypertension) except really emphasizing breathing control and rest as needed in between sets.

Question 21

Peripheral Arterial Disease clients should emphasize what type of training?

Answer 21

Aerobic exercise with an emphasis on walking, with complementary resistance exercise that does not substitute the aerobic. (phase 1)

Question 22

What is intermittent claudication?

Answer 22

The manifestation of peripheral arterial disease symptoms–limping , lameness, or pain in the lower leg during mild exercise resulting from a decrease in blood supply to the lower extremities.

This is the limiting factor for clients with PAD

Question 23

In Peripheral Arterial Disease how much intensity does typical guidelines suggest?

Answer 23

Exercise into moderate to severe discomfort, rest until subsided, and repeat until total exercise time is achieved. Let pain tolerance guide intensity.

Question 24

What forms of exercise are great for clients with Osteoporosis?

Answer 24

Resistance Training to increase bone density and balance training to minimize the risk of falls.

Question 25

What are the two types or arthritis and what are they?

Answer 25

Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis.

Osteoarthritis-cartilage becomes soft, frayed, or thins out as a result of trauma or other conditions

Rheumatoid arthiritis-the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissue, Connective tissue has a thickening of articular soft tissue and there is extension of synovial tissue over cartilages that have become eroded.

Question 26

When is stiffness particularly worse for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 26

In the morning. So avoid early morning exercise

Question 27

What exercise training format is better for clients with arthritis?

Answer 27

Multiple sessions or a circuit format are better alternatives than higher intensity, single modality exercise format

Question 28

With arthritic clients, when should a training session be altered?

Answer 28

during an acute arthritic flare-up or when there is joint pain persisting for more than an hour.

Question 29

Is resistive exercise training recommended for arthritic clients? What should be considered?

Answer 29

Yes. Let pain be the guide for reps. Avoid heavy lifting or high reps. Stay in pain free ROM

Question 30

What sort of flexibility training requirements should be adhered to for cancer clients?

Answer 30

Stretching is okay but SMR should be done when they can tolerate it, and NOT during chemotherapy or radiation treatments.

Question 31

What are 3 important forms of exercise for cancer clients?

Answer 31

Core, balance, and cardio

Question 32

In the 2nd and 3rd trimester what 3 movements should be avoided?

Answer 32

AVOID:
Prone and supine positions.

Twisting motions.

Pelvic exercises such as hip ad- and ab-duction

Question 33

What should be closely monitored for in pregnant clients?

Answer 33

Nausea, dizziness and fainting

Question 34

Why is Peripheral Heart Action format training recommended in clients with Lung Disease?

Answer 34

Upper extremity exercise may result in earlier onset of dyspnea and fatigue than when compared to lower extremity exercises.

Question 35

What is the difference between RESTRICTIVE Lung Disease and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE Lung Disease?

Answer 35

Restrictive is the condition of a fibrous lung tissue, resulting in a decreased ability to expand the lungs.

Chronic obstructive is the condition of altered airflow through the lungs generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production.

Question 36

What is dyspnea?

Answer 36

Shortness of breath