Chapter 16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases

Question 1

What is an acid?

Answer 1

Acids are covalent compounds that have a hydrogen ion connected to a nonmetal anion or a polyatomic ion.

Question 2

How do you identify an acid?

Answer 2

Hydrogen ion is at the beginning of a compound except for acetic acid and positive amines.

Question 3

What is an amine?

Answer 3

Covalent compounds containing N&H or C,N&H.

Question 4

Acetic acid

Answer 4

CH3COOH

Question 5

What do acids ionize to?

Answer 5

H+, or H3O+, and an anion when dissolved in a solvent

Question 6

What do acids taste like?

Answer 6

Sour

Question 7

When acids react with metals, what do they form?

Answer 7

H2

Question 8

Litmus paper for acids

Answer 8

Blue litmus paper turns red.

Question 9

What is a base?

Answer 9

A base is any substance that can neutralize an acid within a chemical reaction.

Question 10

2 types of bases

Answer 10

Ionic bases and Covalent bases

Question 11

What are ionic bases?

Answer 11

Ionic compounds containing a metal cation connected to a basic anion. (charge is neutral)

Question 12

Types of ionic bases

Answer 12

OH-, H-, HN2-, O2-

Question 13

What are covalent bases?

Answer 13

Neutral amines containing N&H or C,N&H.

Question 14

What do bases ionize to?

Answer 14

H- or OH-

Question 15

Taste and feel of bases

Answer 15

Bases have a bitter taste and slippery to the touch.

Question 16

Litmus paper for bases

Answer 16

Red litmus paper turns blue.

Question 17

2 types of acids

Answer 17

Binary acids & Oxyacids

Question 18

Strength of a binary acid

Answer 18

The strength of a binary acid is based on the electronegativity or atomic radius of the non-hydrogen element.

Question 19

Strength of binary acids when in the same period

Answer 19

if the elements are in the same period then use electronegativity to compare acid strength. (higher EN, more acidic)

Question 20

Strength of binary acids when in the same group

Answer 20

If the elements are in the same group then use atomic radius to compare their acid strengths. (higher AR, more acidic)

Question 21

Strength of binary acids when not in the same period or group

Answer 21

If the binary acids are separated by 1 period then use electronegativity to compare their acid strength, if separated by more than 1 period then use atomic radius to compare acid strengths.

Question 22

What are oxyacids?

Answer 22

Oxyacids are covalent compounds containing the hydrogen ion bonded to a polyatomic ion containing oxygen.

Question 23

Oxyacid strength rule

Answer 23

If a neutral oxyacid has 2 or more O than H then the oxyacid is a strong acid.

Question 24

Exceptions to the oxyacid strength rule

Answer 24

H2C2O4 and HIO3 since their nonhydrogen elements have low electronegativities.

Question 25

If the difference between O and H are NOT the same:

Answer 25

More oxygens = more acidic

Question 26

If the difference between O and H ARE the same:

Answer 26

Higher EN of central element = more acidic