Chapter 16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases Flashcards
What is an acid?
Acids are covalent compounds that have a hydrogen ion connected to a nonmetal anion or a polyatomic ion.
How do you identify an acid?
Hydrogen ion is at the beginning of a compound except for acetic acid and positive amines.
What is an amine?
Covalent compounds containing N&H or C,N&H.
Acetic acid
CH3COOH
What do acids ionize to?
H+, or H3O+, and an anion when dissolved in a solvent
What do acids taste like?
Sour
When acids react with metals, what do they form?
H2
Litmus paper for acids
Blue litmus paper turns red.
What is a base?
A base is any substance that can neutralize an acid within a chemical reaction.
2 types of bases
Ionic bases and Covalent bases
What are ionic bases?
Ionic compounds containing a metal cation connected to a basic anion. (charge is neutral)
Types of ionic bases
OH-, H-, HN2-, O2-
What are covalent bases?
Neutral amines containing N&H or C,N&H.
What do bases ionize to?
H- or OH-
Taste and feel of bases
Bases have a bitter taste and slippery to the touch.
Litmus paper for bases
Red litmus paper turns blue.
2 types of acids
Binary acids & Oxyacids
Strength of a binary acid
The strength of a binary acid is based on the electronegativity or atomic radius of the non-hydrogen element.
Strength of binary acids when in the same period
if the elements are in the same period then use electronegativity to compare acid strength. (higher EN, more acidic)
Strength of binary acids when in the same group
If the elements are in the same group then use atomic radius to compare their acid strengths. (higher AR, more acidic)
Strength of binary acids when not in the same period or group
If the binary acids are separated by 1 period then use electronegativity to compare their acid strength, if separated by more than 1 period then use atomic radius to compare acid strengths.
What are oxyacids?
Oxyacids are covalent compounds containing the hydrogen ion bonded to a polyatomic ion containing oxygen.
Oxyacid strength rule
If a neutral oxyacid has 2 or more O than H then the oxyacid is a strong acid.
Exceptions to the oxyacid strength rule
H2C2O4 and HIO3 since their nonhydrogen elements have low electronegativities.
If the difference between O and H are NOT the same:
More oxygens = more acidic
If the difference between O and H ARE the same:
Higher EN of central element = more acidic
