Chapter 16-age Of Absolutism Flashcards
Europeans fought to maintain this. Nations will fight to prevent one nation from becoming too powerful and dominating the region
Balance of power
Absolute monarchs claim this. The authority came directly from god.
Divine right
Ferdinand and Isabella’s grandson. Member of Hapsburg family. Lots of fighting during his reign. King to Hapsburg empire and changed his name to this which is what he goes by.
Charles V
Included Holy Roman Empire and Netherlands. Charles V ruled this and split it up giving Central Europe to his brother Ferdinand and his son Philip II got Netherlands, Spain, Italian states and overseas empires.
Hapsburg empire
Fighting breaks out in Holy Roman Empire and settled in this peace treaty. It allows German princes to choose their own religion with their lands.
Peace of Augsburg
He was catholic. Had 42 year reign, expanded Spanish influence, strengthened Catholic Church, made his own absolute power. Enemy was Elizabeth I
Philip II
Is not well respected at the beginning of her reign of England. “Married to England” (Virgin queen)
Elizabeth I
Name the English gave this wind. It made Spanish drop anchor and England won.
Protestant wind
Ruler with complete authority over government and lives of the people
Absolute monarchy
Fleet of soldiers. Spanish fleet not the reason of English decline
Armada
Famous painter “the Greek” not Spanish by birth. Produced haunting religious paintings and portraits of nobles.
El Greco
Wrote don Quixote which makes fun of chivalry.
Miguel de Cervantes
French Protestants
Huguenots
On this day catholic royals led massacre killing 3,000 Huguenots.
St. Bartholomews day
To protect Protestants he issued this granting Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms.
Edict of Nantes
Huguenot prince who inherited French throne. Fought Catholics then converted to it but protected Protestants with edict of Nantes.
Henry IV
Nobles, merchants, peasants, rebelled to protest royal power. Made Louis XIV realize he needed order.
Fronde
Louis XIII appointed him to throne as chief minister and was all about order and control. Sought to destroy nobles and Huguenots because he thought they were threats to his power. Took away there armies. Patronage-giving out jobs so they couldn’t take his power.
Cardinal Richelieu
5 years when he inherited throne. Got kicked out. Then came back. Named sun king he thought everything revolved around him. Fond of fighting wars
Louis XIV
Louis XIV never called this group to check his power. Made up of 3 groups: clergy, nobles, and everyone else
Estates general
Royal officials who collected taxes
Intendants
Louis XIV minister imposed mercantilist ideas to bolster economy. Couldn’t produce enough money even when he put tariffs on imported goods and made trades.
Jean-baptiste Colbert
Palace of Louis XIV. Showed his wealth and power. Cost 2,000,000,000 had 10,000 servants, 60 staircases,
Versailles
Ritual of Louis XIV where people put on his shoes or held wash tub for him. He had them do this so nobles couldn’t take his power.
Levee
Philip V inherited throne and fought to prevent union of France and Spain. War dragged on until 1713 when a treaty was signed. What was this war?
War of Spanish succession
In war of Spanish succession France signed this and Philip remained on Spanish throne but agreed to never unite two crowns again
Treaty of Utrecht
This was mostly unwritten traditions England followed. The Tudors established this
English constitution
They would work with consult parliament and it worked well. Monarch and parliament working together was the legit way to run the government and this is how they ran there’s
The Tudors
Group of people who approve of decisions dealing with money
Parliament
Group of people who aren’t rich who might put a check on monarchy. They abolished the monarchy House of Lords and established Church of England
House of Commons
Group of monarchs who were abolished and declared England a republic
House of Lords
Follow more in French monarchy like divine right of absolute rulers. Parliament took control over who would be next ruler so they couldn’t pass throne down through family. They didn’t like the parliament but later parliament won and made rules.
The Stuarts
First Stuart. Said he had divine right and didn’t need the parliament. House of Commons resisted kings claim to absolute power. He dissolved parliament and collected his own Taxes.
James I
James I clashed with these Protestants who differed with the Church of England.
Dissenters
James I also clashed with this group seeking to purify church of catholic practices. Called for simpler services and more democratic church without bishops.
Puritans
Very divine right minded so absolute monarch. He needed to raise taxes so he needed parliament. Had to sign petition of right and later dissolved parliament
Charles I
This document prohibited king to raise taxes without parliaments consent. Forces king to check with parliament
Petition of right
Archbishop of Canterbury tries to impose common paper and make clergy follow Anglican rules.
William laud
To deal with Charles and Laud they tried and executed his ministers including Laud said parliament couldn’t be dissolved and Charles lashed back causing a civil war.
The long parliament
Roundheads leader. Came up with new model army which officers select skill rather than social class. His army beat cavaliers.
Oliver Cromwell
Basically colonists. Work ethic was a Protestant work ethic. 1630-1680 was religious work ethic.
Puritan work ethic or puritans
The concept of this was secular work on earth like their religion. Religious work
The calling
Supporters of Charles I. Wealthy nobles, well trained
Cavaliers
Forces of parliament and leader was Oliver Cromwell. Called this because of their hair cut around there head
Roundheads
Thought poor men should have as much say in government as gentry, lawyers, and other citizens
Levellers
Since people were tired of commonwealth they wanted a king back so they called him. He believed in divine right but didn’t want to have same issue with parliament like his dad Charles I so he accepted it but reversed Puritan policy giving back theaters and stuff
Charles II
He Wanted to restore Roman Catholic Church which was bad. They changed the king known as glorious revolution.
James II
1Parliament has power of the purse 2) no catholic monarch 3) habeus corpus 4) trial by jury 5) parliament must have regular meetings Acts passed by parliament.
English bill of rights
James daughter mary and husband William of orange became rulers of England and fled James II back to France. This was known as
Glorious revolution
Constitution or legislative body limits monarchs power.
Limited monarchy
Has rulers and limitations. Monarch will share power with government.
Constitutional government
Head of cabinet
Prime minister
Almost a finished version. Not a democracy. They have an oligarchy
Final settlement
Small room where advisors meet in government
Cabinet
Government in which ruling power belongs to a few people
Oligarchy
Aristocrats who preserve older traditions and support royal powers. Stuck to status quo
Tories
Backed policies of glorious revolution. Favor parliament over crown
Whigs
Starts out small in Prague then there were many issues. Roll back reformation.
30 years war
States ruled by HRE were chosen by 7 leading German princes called
Electors
Catholic Hapsburg king of Bohemia sought to suppress Protestants and assert royal power over nobles. Lost in war
Ferdinand
Nobleman threw two royal officials out a castle window in Prague. This started a revolt
Defenestration of Prague
After years of fighting exhausted combats accepted this series of treaties. It inspired to bring peace and settled international problems. It was weak because it tried to solve too many problems
Treaty of Westphalia
Charles VI had no male heir so his daughter took the throne. She was intelligent and he made people accept her but when he died people ignored their promises
Maria Theresa
A Prussian ruler who came to power after the death of his dad. Gained loyalty of Prussian nobles, reduced nobles independence, and increased his own control. Put value on military and said army posses the state
Frederick I
Son of Frederick I and was trained in war, even though he was interested in art. He won many battles and war and was known as Frederick the great
Frederick II
Region that emerged as a new Protestant power. The Hohenzollern family united them
Prussia
When Frederick II seized Hapsburg it sparked 8 year war. Maria Theresa wanted help from hapsburgs but Hungarians were unfriendly so she got help from Britain and Russia
War of the Austrian Succession
Reduction in population
Depopulation
Soldiers for hire, burned villages and killed without mercy.
Mercenaries
Edict issued by Charles VI that Hapsburg throne could be inherited by a daughter
Pragmatic sanction
City under possession of Bohemia under HRE
Silesia
Used his power to put Russia on road to become great modern power. 10 years old when he got the throne and was very curious. Spent time in German quarters to learn about Western European technology
Peter the great
Adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture
Westernization
Absolute monarch like. Ruled with unlimited authority
Autocratic
Landowning nobles
Boyars
Since Russian seas were frozen in winter they couldn’t trade. He got these to free ice year round
Warm water port
On Baltic land peter built this new Capitol. It was very elegant and had Italian artists design it. A symbol of peters efforts
St. Petersburg
She married tsar peter III and she won loyalty of the people, they killed him, and she got the throne
Catherine the great
To avoid fighting one another these 3 monarchs agreed to partition-divide up this land.
Poland
