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Physiology Exam 5 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

QRS waves

A

represents ventricular depolarization

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2
Q

PR interval

A

corresponds to time of atrial contraction

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3
Q

QT interval

A

corresponds to time of ventricular contraction

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4
Q

P wave

A

represents atrial depolarization

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5
Q

T wave

A

represents ventricular repolarization

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6
Q

Place in order the events responsible for the cycling of pacemaker cells:

Step 1

A

“F” channels are opened by voltage moving toward hyperpolarization

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7
Q

Place in order the events responsible for the cycling of pacemaker cells:

Step 2

A

Ca2+ “T” channels open upon entry of Na+; “F” channels close

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8
Q

Place in order the events responsible for the cycling of pacemaker cells:

Step 3

A

Ca2+ “L” channels open (for about 150 msec) upon entry of Ca2+

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9
Q

Place in order the events responsible for the cycling of pacemaker cells:

Step 4

A

K+ delayed rectifier channels open after a delay upon entry of Ca2+

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10
Q

Place in order the events responsible for the cycling of pacemaker cells:

Step 5

A

Ca2+ “L” channels close and K+ delayed rectifier channels close slowly

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11
Q

Stimulus: reflex response

Heart rate increases when

A

carotid sinus pressure decreases

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12
Q

Stimulus: reflex response

Heart rate decreases when

A

carotid sinus pressure increases

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13
Q

Stimulus: reflex response

Blood vessels constrict when

A

carotid sinus pressure decreases

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14
Q

Stimulus: reflex response

baroreceptor activity increases when

A

carotid sinus pressure increases

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15
Q

Stimulus: reflex response

baroreceptor activity decreases when

A

Carotid sinus pressure decreases

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16
Q

Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting at the vena cava:

First

A

Right atrium

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17
Q

Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting at the vena cava:

Second

A

Right ventricle

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18
Q

Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting at the vena cava:

Third

A

Left atrium

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19
Q

Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting at the vena cava:

Fourth

A

Left ventricle

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20
Q

Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting at the vena cava:

Fifth

A

Aortic valve

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21
Q

Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting at the vena cava:

First

A

Right AV valve

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22
Q

Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting at the vena cava:

Second

A

Right ventricle

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23
Q

Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting at the vena cava:

Third

A

Pulmonary valve

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24
Q

Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting at the vena cava:

Fourth

A

Left AV valve

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25
Q

Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting at the vena cava:

Fifth

A

Aortic valve

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26
Q

AV valves close and semilunar valves open

A

Ventricular contraction

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27
Q

Semilunar valves close and AV valves open

A

Ventricular relaxation

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28
Q

Blood is drawn out of the atria and veins

A

Ventricular relaxation

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29
Q

Blood is pushed out of the ventricles

A

Ventricular contraction

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30
Q

Blood is drawn into the ventricles

A

Ventricular relaxation

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31
Q

Tracy the cardiac conduction signals through the heart:

First

A

SA node

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32
Q

Tracy the cardiac conduction signals through the heart:

Second

A

Atrial conduction fibers

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33
Q

Tracy the cardiac conduction signals through the heart:

Third

A

AV node

34
Q

Tracy the cardiac conduction signals through the heart:

Fourth

A

AV bundle and branches

35
Q

Tracy the cardiac conduction signals through the heart:

Fifth

A

Ventricular conduction fibers

36
Q

Typically shows prominent descending “S” waves

A

Lead I EKG

37
Q

Measured between left arm and right arm

A

Lead I EKG

38
Q

Measured between left leg and right arm

A

Lead II EKG

39
Q

Measured between left leg and left arm

A

Lead II EKG

40
Q

Typically shows the biggest “R” waves

A

Lead II EKG

41
Q

Matching (assuming a heart rate of 70 bpm)

Typical PQ (PR) interval

A

170 msec

42
Q

Matching (assuming a heart rate of 70 bpm)

Typical QS interval

A

80 msec

43
Q

Matching (assuming a heart rate of 70 bpm)

Typical QT interval

A

350 msec

44
Q

Matching (assuming a heart rate of 70 bpm)

Typical TQ interval

A

500 msec

45
Q

Matching (assuming a heart rate of 70 bpm)

Typical RR interval

A

857 msec

46
Q

Matching (in this question, ST is more accurate than QT)

PQ (PR) interval

A

corresponds to the time of atrial contraction

47
Q

Matching (in this question, ST is more accurate than QT)

QRS interval

A

corresponds to the time of ventricular depolarization

48
Q

Matching (in this question, ST is more accurate than QT)

ST interval

A

corresponds to the time of ventricular contraction

49
Q

Matching (in this question, ST is more accurate than QT)

TQ interval

A

corresponds to the time of ventricular relaxation

50
Q

Matching (in this question, ST is more accurate than QT)

RR interval

A

is inversely related to the heart rate

51
Q

Place the following in the order that they occur in cardiac pacemakers cells:

First

A

Repolarization (-) opens “F” type Na channels

52
Q

Place the following in the order that they occur in cardiac pacemakers cells:

Second

A

Na+ depolarization (+) opens Ca2+ T-channels

53
Q

Place the following in the order that they occur in cardiac pacemakers cells:

Third

A

Ca2+ depolarization (+) opens Ca2+ L-channels

54
Q

Place the following in the order that they occur in cardiac pacemakers cells:

Fourth

A

Ca2+ depolarization (+) opens K+ channels causing repolarization (-)

55
Q

Place the following in the order that they occur in cardiac pacemakers cells:

Fifth

A

K+ channels close

56
Q

Has an intrinsic rate of about 40-60 impulses per minute

A

AV node

57
Q

Has an intrinsic rate of about 80-100 impulses per minute

A

SA node

58
Q

Sends rhythmic signals into the atrial conduction fibers

A

SA node

59
Q

Sends rhythmic signals into the atrioventricular node

A

SA node

60
Q

Sends rhythmic signals into the AV bundle

A

AV node

61
Q

Semilunar valves and AV valves are closed during

A

Isobvolumetric contraction

62
Q

AV valves close and semilunar valves open when

A

Ventricles contract

63
Q

Semilunar valves close and AV valves open when

A

Ventricles relax

64
Q

Blood is pushed out of the ventricles when

A

Ventricles contract

65
Q

Blood is drawn into the ventricles when

A

Ventricles relax

66
Q

Matching (HR= number of ventricular contraction each minute)

Blood flow out of left ventricle each contraction

A

Stroke volume (SV)

67
Q

Matching (HR= number of ventricular contraction each minute)

Volume in left ventricular at end of contraction

A

End Systolic Volume (ESV)

68
Q

Matching (HR= number of ventricular contraction each minute)

Volume in left ventricular at end of relaxation

A

End Diastolic Volume (EDV)

69
Q

Matching (HR= number of ventricular contraction each minute)

Blood flow out of left ventricular each minute

A

Cardiac Output (CO)

70
Q

Matching (HR= number of ventricular contraction each minute)

= (EDV - ESV x HR

A

Cardiac Output (CO)

71
Q

increases heart rate

A

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

72
Q

decreases heart rate

A

Acetylcholine

73
Q

Binds to M-2

A

Acetylcholine

74
Q

Binds to B-1 receptors

A

Epinephrine/norepinephrine

75
Q

Increases force of cardiac contraction

A

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

76
Q

elevated atrial pressure

A

increases ESV (End Systolic Volume)

77
Q

elevated venous pressure

A

increases EDV (End Diastolic Volume)

78
Q

Epinephrine/ Norepinephrine

A

Decreases ESV (End Systolic Volume)

79
Q

increased time for ventricular filling

A

Increases EDV (End Diastolic Volume)

80
Q

Increased force of ventricular contraction

A

Decrease ESV (End Systolic Volume)

Physiology Exam 5 (2 decks)

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