Chapter 16

Question 1

fisheries

Answer 1

the industry devoted to commercial fishing or the places where fish are caught, harvested, processed, and sold.

Question 2

collapsed fishery

Answer 2

annual catches fall below 10% of their historic high; stocks can no longer support a fishery

Question 3

bycatch

Answer 3

nontarget species that become trapped in fishing nets and are usually discarded. Some methods, like trawling, have very high bycatch levels, and discards often exceed the actual target species catch.

Question 4

maxiumum sustainable yield

Answer 4

the amount that can be harvested without decreasing the yield in future years.

Question 5

overexploited fisheries

Answer 5

more fish are taken than is sustainable in the long run, leading to population declines.

Question 6

depleted fisheries

Answer 6

the fish population is well below historic levels and the population’s reproductive capacity is low, meaning that recovery will be slow, if at all.

Question 7

exclusive economic zones (EEZs)

Answer 7

zones that extend 200 nautical miles form the coastline of any given nation, where that nation has exclusive rights over marine resources, including fish.

Question 8

marine protected areas (MPAs)

Answer 8

discrete regions of ocean that are legally protected from various forms of human exploitation.

Question 9

marine reserves

Answer 9

restricted areas where all fishing is prohibited and absolutely no human disturbance is allowed.

Question 10

sustainable fishery

Answer 10

a fishery that ensures that fish stocks are maintained at healthy levels, the ecosystem is fully functional, and fishing activity does not threaten biological diversity.

Question 11

aquaculture

Answer 11

Fish-fish; the rearing of aquatic species in tanks, ponds, or ocean net pens.