Chapter 16 Flashcards
Buffer
A solution that will resist pH change. Usually a weak acid and its conjugate base
HH Equation
Can calculate the pH of a buffer solution when you have the initial concentrations
What else can buffers be made of?
A weak base and conjugate acid
Buffering limits
The buffering action is related to a stoichiometric consumption of either the weak acid or the conjugate base.
Buffer capacity
The amount of acid or base we can add to a buffer without destroying its effectiveness
pH range
The relative concentrations of acid and base should not differ by more than a factor of 10. It is finding the acid/base contractions from the pH and pk.
When is buffer capacity optimal?
When the ratio of acid and conjugate base buffer components does not differ by more than a factor of 10.
When is the buffer most effective
When the quantities of acid and base are significant
A buffer designed to be optimal and effective covers…
One unit above and one unit below the pKa
acid-base titration
involves reaction an unknown solution of a base (or acid) with a known solution of an acid (or base); at the equivalence point, the molar amounts of acid or base match.
What is the relationship between a strength strong acid and its conjugate base?
Because if a strong acid had a strong base then then it would undo the ionization reaction !
General properties of acids
sour, corrosive, reacts with basics to form ionic salts
Arrhenius definition
acid produces
protons H+ and a base produces hydroxide OH– in aqueous solution.
Brønsted–Lowry definitions
an acid is a
proton H+ donor and a base is a proton acceptor.
Strong Acids…
completely dissociate
