Chapter 16 Flashcards
loss of extracellular fluid, plasma volume, cardiac output and blood pressure
salt depletion
fluid intake:
500-600 mL, 17-20 oz
2 hrs before exercise
Temporary loss of consciousness, fainting due to lack of flood flow to the brain
Syncope
Tight hip flexors =
Tight hamstrings =
Increase lordotic curve
Increase posterior pelvic tilt
heat acclimatization takes
use _ to identify appropriate intensity
10-14 days
target heart rate
Plaque buildup in arteries preventing proper blood flow to the heart , chest pain is called_
Angina pectoris
Violent coughing spells - especially in men can cause _ due to _
Syncope
Rapid change in BP
acute trauma to a ligament - connecting bone to bone
long periods of _ are detrimental to healing
sprain
immobilization
Brain death can occur
In 4-6 minutes
Overstretching of the neck musculature- sternocleidomastoud , paraspinals and upper traps
Cervical sprain
lethargy
sleepiness
diabetic coma
side affects of ketones
symptoms of:
profuse sweating cold, clammy skin paleness headache elevated body temp
heat exhaustion
treatment for:
stop exercising remove as much clothing as possible cool the body fluids ER
heat stroke
If client becomes hypoglycemic:
Consume _ grams of carbohydrates
Such as:
20-30 grams
Pop, juice, honey or sugar packet
EXercise induced asthma
Or
Exercise induced bronchidpasm can develop at _% of maximal workload
80%
temporary swelling of extremities
usually in people _
heat edema
not acclimated to the temperature
Chest pain/ discomfort
Seizure
Problem breathing suddenly cannot move a party of the body
Signs of stroke
Call 9-1-1
ketones lower the _ in the body
pH of the body
best time of day to exercise and avoid hypoglycemia is _ b/c of variations of _ and _
morning 1-3 hours after a meal
growth hormone and cortisol
Lordotic curve makes low back:
Curve into hyperextension
Loss of water, heat or both from small airways during exercise =
Cold,dry air
Exercise induced asthma
signs of _
audible snap inability to bear weight on limb swelling deformity discoloration pain
bone fracture
Blood is not adequately distributed in the body and tissues don’t receive oxygen and nutrients needed for survival
Hypoperfusion ( shock)
Chest- pressure Arms - typically left arm Neck Jaw Shoulder Stomach
Places where _ occurs
Angina pectoris can occur in
during _ :
muscles contract/relax
jaw is clenched
loss of consciousness
tonic clonic seizure
When AED is administered in the first minute of cardiac arrest _ % chance os survival
When shock is delivered _ is able to restart
Use adult pads on Children _ and older
90%
Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
8 years and older
Stroke warning signs
Walk Talk Reach See Feel
Balance off
Speech slurred, face droopy
One side weak or numb
Vision all or partially lost
Severe headache
jagged tear of skin caused by shear and tensile forces
laceration
imbalance in bone formation and bone resorption results in
stress fractures
Warning signs for:
Amnesia Tinnitus Unequal pupil size Vomiting Blurry: double vision Loss of taste or smell
Concussion
spasms that affect the arms, legs and abdominals due to a loss of fluid and electrolytes
*sweating profusely
heat cramps
Normal range of CD4 count
AIDS
500-1500
Leash than 200
treatment for:
stop exercising
move to a cool area
lay down, elevate feet 12-18 in’fluids
monitor body temp
heat exhaustion
3 layers of meninges lie beneath the surface of the skull
Layer with spider web like vessels that allows venous drainage through vessels between them
Arachnoid mater
Body resistant to insulin with _
Type II diabetes
Thoracic spine : 3
Flexion
Extension
Rotation
_ converts VF back to normal rhythm
_ preserve brain and heart
AED - automated external defibrillation
CPR
Lumbar spine: 3
Flexion , extension and side bending
If a person is unconscious open the airway by
The jaw thrust method
injury to a tendon - connects muscle to bone
pulled muscle
strain
Cardiac arrest survival act provides:
Protection for anyone who uses an AED in an emergency or who acquired one
Average respiratory rate for adults
12 to 20 breaths per minute
Increased curvature of the thoracic spine had been called:
Tight muscle
Swimmers back
Pectoral muscles
Dyspnea -severe difficulty, must stop exercise
+4
When a person is in shock:
Elevate _
Decreased ability to _
Feet 8 to 12 inches
Regulate body temperature
heat stroke can occur:
cool to moderate outdoor temperatures
Primary assessment:
ABCs
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Severe bleeding
fluid intake:
200-300 mL, 17 -20 oz
every 10-20 min during exercise
hard localized mass of blood and dead tissue
restricts movement
pain and temporary paralysis due to nerve compression
hematoma
clean cut to the skin from a tensile force - from a sharp edge
incision
blood pooling in the legs and not enough blood reaching the brain
to treat:
heat syncope
fluids and rest with feet raised
AHA
Chain of survival: 4
% of victims receive bystander CPR
Early access
Early CPR - begin within 2 minutes
Early defibrillation
Easels advanced care
27%
fluid intake:
450-675 mL, 16-24 oz for every pound
following exercise
Sharp burning pain down the arm after a head or shoulder injury
Stinger
Blood is lost as a result of severe dehydration or from severe internal or external bleeding
Hypovolemic shock
Inadequate function of the heart resulting from heart attack or CAD
Cardiogenic shock
Dyspnea - mild noticeable to exerciser , not to an observer
+1
2 blood borne diseases of most concern to trainers
HIV
Hepatitis B
Cessation of heart function
Loss of consciousness
Breathing stops =
Cardiac arrest (sudden cardiac death)
compression wraps should be applied
elevation above the heart reduces_
distally and wrapped proximimally - allow for venous return
swelling
penetration of the skin by an object
penetration
Vessels are dismayed and not allowing normal blood distribution
Spinal or head injury
Food allergy
Distributive shock
severe laceration - skin torn away from tissue below
avulsion
If no breath is heard give _ breaths
Check for pulse on _ in _ seconds or less
2 breaths
Carotid artery, 10 seconds
Bluish color around lips, nose fingernails, lining of eyes is a late sign of
Called _
Respiratory distress
Cyanosis
Stroke
If right hemisphere is affected:
Symptoms will appear _ side of face and_ side of body
Right side of face
Left side of body
abnormal electrical activity in the brain
seizure
exercise selections for clients with _
non-weight bearing activity (if peripheral neuropathy is present
biking, swimming
close attention to foot care - proper shoes and socks
diabetes
heat syncope - decrease in 3 things
cardiac output
stroke volume
blood pressure
Headache Hunger Weakness Sweating Fatigue
Signs of
Hypoglycemia- low blood sugar
Dyspnea - moderate difficulty,client can continue exercise
+3
Dyspnea - mild , some difficulty, noticeable to an observer
+2
Screening for clients at risk for cardiovascular events
Clients with cardiac disease are _ more likely to have an event during exercise
Physical activity readiness questionnaire PAR-Q
10 times more likely
Stroke
Memory loss, speech,slow behavior _ hemisphere is affected
Impaired vision _ of brain affected
Left
Back of brain
state of exhaustion after a seizure
postictal state
TIA
Duration
1/3 of people will had a stroke within
Less than 1 hour , possibly relieved in 10-15 minutes
Within the next month
Ischemic stroke
Blockage in vessel in the _
Usually caused by _ deposit in the lining of the vessel (atherosclerosis)
Brain
Fatty
cold temps:
layer 1
layer 2
layer 3
wick moisture away - synthetic
insulation - fleece, wool
protective -mesh
Spasmodic quivering of the heart
Too fast to allow heart to fill and empty
Little or no blood is pushed out to body or lungs
Ventricular fibrillation
exercise can raise body temp by
4.5 degrees
uncoordinated movement and altered consciousness can be the result of _
severe dehydration
Most common rhythm during cardiac arrest
Ventricular fibrillation
sraping of tissue from a fall usually in one direction
abrasion
HIPPA ensures victims privacy by
Putting them in control of who has access to personal health information
3rd leading cause of death in US
Number 1 cause of disability
Stroke
Bulging of the fibrocartilidgeous sac can cause burning pain , weakness, numbness and tingling
Herniated disk
Diabetic clients- blood glucose should be at _ before exercising
100 mg/dL
During secondary assessment:
Trauma victims check for : 4
Abrasions
Tenderness
Swelling
Medical alert jewelry
Snoring,gurgling, high pitched gurgling is indicative of
Swelling of larynx - airway blockage
Biproduct of fatty acid metabolism
Excessive use of fatty acids for energy
Seen with _diabetes
Ketoacidosis
Type 1 diabetes
Hands only CPR effective for victims
2
Adults
Have been witnessed going into cardiac arrest
Blood clot or other mechanical obstruction does not allow blood to reach the Heart
Obstructive shock
according to wet globe bulb temperature, clients should avoid exercising in temperatures above _
82 degrees
_ caused by:
blunt trauma
does not break skin
swelling
formation of hematoma
contusion
symptoms of:
hot, dry skin red skin color change in mental status labored breathing elevated body temp - 105 or greater
heat stroke
blood volume is inadequate to meet the demands of blood flow to the skin and working muscles
heat exhaustion
_ stroke is a rupture of a blood vessel
_ is Balloon type bubble in the vessel that an rupture
Hemmoragic
Aneurysm
ketone bodies signify _ because of lack of _
the body is burning fat for energy
lack of glucose
Clear fluid will leak out of the ears when there’s a _ fracture
Out of the nose if it was a _ fracture
Fracture at the base of the skull
Fracture in the anterior cranial area
Angina pectoris accompanied with nausea , SOB , back or jaw pain more common in _
Women
Critical indicator clients is having a heat stroke
Altered mental status
Region of spine most prone to catastrophic injury
Cervical spine
