Chapter 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

When are long strands of DNA visible?

AH

A

Replication or cell division

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2
Q

What is a genotype?

AH

A

The genetic makeup of an organism (all its genes)

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3
Q

The apperance of an organism. Its visible traits are called?

AH

A

Phenotype

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4
Q

How many chromosomes are autosomal?

AH

A

44 chromosomes or 22 pairs

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5
Q

What makes up a nucleotide structure?

AH

A

5 Carbon Sugar

Phosphate Group

Nitrogenous Base

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6
Q

What is Spermatogenesis?

KC

A

It’s the production of spermatozoa or sperm

KC

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7
Q

The second form of cell division results in the production of cells containing half the genetic content of the original cell. What form of cell division is this called?

KC

A

Meiosis

KC

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8
Q

What is reduction division?

KC

A

It’s the reduction of the number of chromosomes by half

(In humans from 46 to 23)

KC

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9
Q

What term is the presence of an extra chromosome number 21 and is better known as Down Syndrome?

KC

A

Trisomy 21

KC

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10
Q

What is the difference between Homozygous and Heterozygous?

KC

A

In Homozygous the two alleles are the same (Tall/Tall)

In Heterozygous the two alleles are different (Tall/short)

KC

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11
Q

What do sex chromosomes determine?

                                                              JC
A

the gender of an organism

                                                                JC
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12
Q

What is oogenesis?

                                   JC
A

production of an egg or ovum

                                 JC
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13
Q

The presence or abscense of one chromosome is what?

                                                                   JC
A

Aneuploidy

                                                                       JC
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14
Q

What makes RNA different from DNA?

                                                                            JC
A

RNA contains the base uracil instead of thymine.

                                                                          JC
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15
Q

What does the Law of Segregation state?

                                                                          JC
A

Allele pairs separate during meiosis.

                                                                 JC
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