Chapter 16 Flashcards
What is reconstruction
The process of reuniting the north and south again
What was the Ten Percent plan
Lincoln’s quick and easy plant for reconstruction that said 10% of a states voters had to agree to a loyalty oath in order to form a new state government
Problems the US faced after the civil war
1 How to rebuild the south and deal with people misplaced by war. 2 how to ease tensions that exist between north and south
What did state governments have to do to participate in national government
Abolish slavery
Who did Lincoln’s plan give amnesty to if they took the loyalty oath
Confederates but not confederate government leader
What was the Wade-Davis Bill
A stricter Reconstruction plan that required 50% of a states voters to take a loyalty oath before forming a new state
And would ban any confederate fighter from voting
What happened to the Wade-Davis Bill
It never became law because the president never signed it
Who were radical republicans
Supporters of a strict reconstruction plan
What was the freedmen’s Bureau
An organization created by congress that would deal with the needs of freedmen
What were freedmen
Enslaved people freed by the war
What did the freedmen’s Bureau do
1 set up schools to tech freedmen to read and write
2 helped freedmen find jobs
3 settled disputes between blacks and whites
Who assassinated Lincoln and when
He was killed by John Wilkes Booth 5 days after the war ended on APRIL 14, 1865 while watching a play at Ford’s theater in D.C.
Who became president after Lincoln
Andrew Johnson a southern democrat
What did the 13th Amendment do
Passed in 1865, abolished slavery
What happened under Johnson’s plan
Amnesty was granted to former confederates, new state governments were organized, and states had to ratify the 13th Amendment
What were black codes
New laws used by southern states to control African Americans
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1866
Granted citizenship rights to African Americans
It was vetoed but overridden
What was the 14th amendment
All people born or naturalized in the US are granted citizenship
What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867
1 Removed the government of southern states that didn’t ratify the 14th amendment 2 imposed military rule on these states creating 5 military districts 3 Southern states had to write a new State constitution, ratify the 14th amendment, and allow African-Americans to vote in order to return to the union
How many African Americans served in the House of Representatives and senate between 1872-1901
16 in the House of Representatives and 2 in the senate
Which three groups strongly supported The Republican Party
1 scalawags- southern whites who had opposed secession 2 freedmen 3 carpetbaggers- Northern whites who went south to start businesses or run for office
What did radical republicans try to do to president Johnson
They tried to impeach him and almost succeeded
Who won the election of 1868
Ulysses S. Grant (Republican)
How many African Americans voted in the election of 1868
About 500,000 because the military allowed them to vote in the south
What did the 15th amendment do
It was passed in 1869 and says states cannot deny African Americans the right to vote because of race,color, or previous servitude
What was the problem with the 15th amendment
It didn’t prevent states from requiring voters to own property or pay a voting tax
What were secret societies like the KKK doing
They were terrorizing the African Americans and the voting by blacks soon declined
How was the Republican Party weakened
Scandals involving people appointed to Government positions by President Grant
What happened in the 1876 election
Tiden won the popular vote but not the electoral vote so Congress decided the election and the republican candidate Rutherford B Hayes told democrats he would end reconstruction if they voted for him
Examples of African Americans starting to lose rights in the south
1 poll tax
2 literacy test
How did illiterate whites vote
A grandfather clause which stated that if your father or grandfather could vote on January 1, 1867 you could vote
What were Jim Crow laws
Laws requiring segregation
When did the Supreme Court uphold segregation
Plessy vs Ferguson- a law could require separate facilities as long as they were EQUAL they were rarely Equal
Many freedmen became sharecroppers define sharecroppers
Labor who works the land for the farmer who owns it in exchange for a share of the value of the crop
What did the sharecropping system do to the sharecroppers
It left them living in a life of poverty because no crop prices and bad harvests meant there was rarely enough money to pay the landowner
What had happened in the south during Reconstruction
The economy slowly recovered and the south entered an Industrial Age
