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Maternal/Newborn > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Passenger includes…

A 
Size of fetal head
Fetal presentation
Fetal lie
Fetal attitude
Fetal position
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2
Q

The two most important fontanels are:

A

Anterior and Posterior

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3
Q

The anterior fontanel is ______ shaped, located at the junction of the sagittal, coronal, and frontal sutures, and closes by ____________ after birth.

A

Diamond, 18 months

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4
Q

The posterior fontanel is ______ shaped, located at the sutures of the two parietal bones and the occipital bone, and closes by __________ after birth.

A

triangular, 6-8 weeks.

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5
Q

Woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to 20 or more weeks of gestation.

A

Multipara

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6
Q

Number of pregnancies in which the fetus or fetuses have reached 20 weeks of gestation when they are born.

A

Parity (para)

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7
Q

Postterm describes pregnancies that go beyond ____ weeks of gestation and preterm describes pregnancies that reach ____ weeks but deliver before ____ weeks.

A

42, 20, 37

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8
Q

Cephalic presentation indicates ______ first, breech presentation indicates ______ first, and shoulder presentation indicates _____ first.

A

Head, buttocks/feet or both, scapula

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9
Q

The two types of lie and description.

A

Longitudinal/Vertical: long axis (back) of fetus is parallel with the long axis (back) of mother

Transverse/horizontal/oblique: Long axis of fetus is at a right angle or diagonal to the long axis of mother.

  • *Vaginal birth cannot occur with transverse lie.
  • *Oblique (diagonal) lie usually converts to transverse
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10
Q

The relation of the fetal body parts to one another is termed _____. The ideal is ________ while ______ is less desired.

A
  • Fetal attitude
  • General flexion (fetus rounded, chin flexed on chest, thighs flexed on abdomen, legs flexed at knee, arms crossed, umbilical between arms and legs).
  • Extension
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11
Q

The _________ is the largest transverse diameter and is an important indicator of _______. It is about ______ cm at term.

A

Biparietal diameter, fetal head size, 9.25

*Biparietal is largest presenting part.

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12
Q

The __________ is an anteroposterior diameter and is the smallest and most crucial. It is about _____cm at term.

A

Suboccipitobregmatic, 9.5cm

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13
Q

The relationship of a reference point on the presenting part to the four quadrants of the mother’s pelvis. Should be _______, ________, or ______.

A

Fetal Position, anterior, posterior, transverse

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14
Q

The relationship of the presenting fetal part to an imaginary line drawn between the maternal ischial spines- a measurement of descent.

A

Station

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15
Q

Station 0 usually indicates…. and is located at….

A

Engagement, level with ischial spines (- indicates cm above, + indicates cm below)

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16
Q

First letter of fetal position is the….. and can be….

A
  • Location of Presenting part

- Left or Right (according to position of the back) L or R

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17
Q

The second letter of fetal position indicates the….. and could be…..

A
  • Presenting part:
  • O- Occiput (head)
  • S- Sacrum (buttocks)
  • M- Mentrum (chin)
  • A- Shoulder (scapula)
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18
Q

The third letter of fetal position signifies the…. and can be…

A
  • Relationship of presenting fetal part (in relation to the back) to the woman’s pelvis
    -A- anterior
    P- posterior
    T- transverse
19
Q

The four types of bony pelvis and their shapes:

A
  • Gynecoid- round Ideal
  • Android- Heart
  • Anthropoid- Oval
  • Platypelloid- Flattened Oval
20
Q

Primary powers are ____________ and signal __________. Once the cervix is dilated, _______________ are called secondary powers.

A
  • Involuntary uterine contraction
  • Beginning of labor
  • Voluntary bearing-down efforts
21
Q

________ is the thinning and shortening of the cervix. ______ is the widening of the cervix and can be slowed down by ___________.

A
  • Effacement
  • Dilation
  • Surgery, STIs (cervical scarring)
22
Q

_________ is the maternal urge to push as a result of released _______.

A

Ferguson reflex, oxytocin

23
Q

True or False: The nurse should encourage the mother to use the valsalva maneuver to aid in pushing efforts.

A

False- it is discouraged and open-glottis method is encouraged.

24
Q

The nurse knows the cervix is fully dilated when….

A

It can no longer be palpated.

25
Q

_________ relieves fatigue, increase comfort, and improves circulation during labor. The nurse should…

A
  • Frequent position changes

- Encourage positions that are comfortable for the mother

26
Q

Process of moving fetus, placenta, and membranes out of the uterus and though the birth canal.

A

Labor

27
Q

Which of these are signs preceding labor?

  1. Lightening
  2. Quickening
  3. ROM
  4. Ferguson reflex
  5. Surge of energy
  6. Weight loss of 1-3lbs
A

1, 3, 5, 6

28
Q

Which of these are signs preceding labor?

  1. Cervical ripening
  2. Bloody show
  3. Backaches
  4. Urinary Frequency
  5. Engagement
  6. Dilation
  7. Braxton Hicks contractions
  8. Effacement
A

1, 2, 3, 4, 6

29
Q

Onset of labor includes _______ estrogen, ______ prostaglandins, and ______ progesterone levels.

A

Increase, increase, decrease

30
Q

The first stage of labor is considered….

A

From the time dilation begins to when cervix is completely dilated.

31
Q

The first stage of labor is split into 3 phases. They are:

A

Latent, active, transition

32
Q

Active phase of first stage of labor is dilation of ___- ___ cm, ______ contractions lasting _____ seconds, and _____ minutes apart. The woman is able to walk but it is difficult to relax.

A

4-7, moderate, 40-50sec., 2-3min

33
Q

Latent phase of first stage of labor, the mother is dilated __-__cm, _____ contractions, and the woman is able to ambulate and talk.

A

0-3, mild.

34
Q

The transition phase includes dilation of __-__cm. The woman is usually irritable and angry and having _____ contractions.

A

7-10cm, strong

35
Q

The second stage of labor starts when… and lasts until…

A

full dilation, birth of infant

36
Q

The third stage of labor is…

A

From the time infant is delivered to the expulsion of the placenta

37
Q

The fourth stage of labor starts with… and lasts until…

A

Delivery of placenta until at least 2 hours after birth.

38
Q

The seven cardinal movement of mechanism of labor:

A
  1. Engagement- Station 0
  2. Descent- Progression through pelvis
  3. Flexion- general flexion
  4. Internal Rotation- Occipitotransverse
  5. Extension- Occiput out first
  6. Restitution/External rotation- Realign head/Anterior shoulder first
  7. Expulsion- Head/Shoulders lifted upwards to expel.
39
Q

Fetal adaptation to labor includes… (3)

A
  1. Fetal HR
  2. Fetal Circulation
  3. Fetal Respiration
40
Q

The______ provides reliable and predictive information about the condition of the fetus related to oxygenation.

A

FHR

41
Q

The ______ is affected by maternal position, uterine contractions, blood pressure and umbilical cord blood flow.

A

Fetal circulation

42
Q

Changes in Fetal respiration include:

  1. _________ cleared as infant passes through birth canal
  2. ______ in fetal oxygen pressure (Po2)
  3. ________ in arterial carbon dioxide pressure (Pco2)
  4. _______ in arterial pH
  5. ________ in bicarbonate levels.
  6. _______ in fetal respiratory movements.
A
  1. Fetal lung fluid
  2. Decrease
  3. Increase
  4. Decrease
  5. Decrease
  6. Decrease
    * *Respiratory Acidosis
43
Q

The maternal adaptations to labor include:

  1. _______ in HR by 10-20bpm.
  2. _______ in CO by 10-15% in first stage, and ____-___% in second.
  3. _______ in BP during contractions
  4. _______ in WBCs and temp during labor and first ___hrs.
  5. _______ in respiratory rate
  6. _______ in gastric motility and food absorption
  7. _______ in BMR
  8. _______ in blood glucose levels.
  9. True or False- Proteinuria is normal.
A
  1. Increase
  2. Increase, 30-50
  3. Increase
  4. Increase, 24
  5. Increase
  6. Decrease
  7. Increase
  8. Decrease
  9. True
44
Q

The Five P’s are…. and affect….

A 
Passenger (fetus and placenta)
Passageway (birth canal) 
Powers (contractions)
Position (of the mother)
Psychological Response 
- Affect the process of labor and birth

Maternal/Newborn (5 decks)

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