Chapter 16 Flashcards
Who was thrown out a window in Prague?
Two Catholics
When was the thirty years war?
1618-1648
What was the Peace of Augsburg?
- 1555
- Made Lutherianism a legal religion within the Holy Roman Empire
What were the French Wars of Religion?
- Started in 1562
- French Catholics again Huguenots
- Women often converted first
What was the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
- Huguenots attacked French Royality, so Catherine convinced her son to order the killing of Huguenot leaders
- Was on August 24, St. Bartholomew’s day
- In three days 3000 Huguenots were killed
What is the Edict of Nantes?
- Huguenots became a legal minority within Catholic France
- Ended the French Wars of Religion
Define Politique
one of a group of French moderates in the 16th century religious conflicts holding national unity of greater importance than the absolute predominance of a single sect and advocating religious toleration as the policy of the government
Phillip II was part of what four royal families?
Portuguese, English, French, Austrian
Who were the Moriscos?
- Muslim converts to Christianity
- Secretly remained Muslim
Who were Puritans?
- Strict Calvinists
- Lived strict moral lives
Who were the three Henries?
Henry of Navarre
King Henry III
Henry of Lorraine
Who won the War of the Three Henries?
Henry of Navarre - Changed name to Bourban and became King Henry IV
“Paris is worth a Mass”
King Henry IV changed from Protestant to Catholic to better rule France
The Protestants that troubled Elizabeth I
Puritans
What word came from Don Quixote
Quixotic
What was the Council of Trent?
- Outlined Catholic Beliefs
- Counted the Reformation
- Church is the final say on the Bible, no one else interprets
- Catholic Church is original, pure, and spotless
Who are ‘The Elect’ in Calvinism?
- Those who are going to Heaven
What did the Council of Trent decide on 95 Thesises?
- Sale of Indulgences continues; says the Corruption should be stopped by the local bishops.
What did Prostant Women believe?
- Women were educated
- Encouraged to read the Bible of themselves
- Women did not like the treatment of Marriage under Catholicism
Defenestration of Prague
Two Catholics were thrown out of the castle
- Catholics claimed divine intervention saved them
- Protestants said they feel in cow poo
Define mercenary
- Fighters who were paid
Who ruled for Louis XIII of France?
A cardinal
Peace of Westphalia leads to what system?
- The congress system
- Balance of Power
German family that came into power at the end of The Thirty Years War
Hohenzollern
Intendent System (set up after 30 Years War)
- King sends people loyal to him to watch lords and local governments
Who became King after Elizabeth I?
- James IV of Scotland became James I of England
- Stewart family
- Secretly Catholic
- Secretly gay
Polders System
- Drainage and Crop rotation developed by the Dutch
Define Secularization
- Religion became a matter of private conscience rather than public policy
- Prompted a search for non-religious explanations for authority and phenomena
Define the art style Mannerism
- Almost theatrical style
- Distort prospective to empathize a theme or convey a message
Who was El Greco?
- Most famous Mannerist painter
Define Baroque style
- Featured curves, dramatic lighting, intense emotions, release from restraint, and artistic sensationalism
Which art style was closely tied to the Counter Reformation?
- Baroque
First great Baroque painter was
- Peter Paul Rubens
Which art style was parallel to opera?
- Baroque
The great opera composer who wrote Orfeo was?
- Claudio Monteverdi
Who was Michel de Montaigne?
- A French Magistrate who resigned his office in the midst of the wars of religion to write about the need for religious tolerance.
What did Michel de Montaigne write on the beams on his office?
- “All that is certain is that nothing is certain.”
Who wrote ‘The Six Books of the Republic’?
- French laywer Jean Bodin
Who was Hugo Grotius?
- Jurist during the Dutch Revolt against Spain
What was Grotius’ book?
- ‘The Laws of War and Peace’
- Swedish King Gustavis Adolphus claimed he slept with the book under his pillow
Method discovered in the early Seventeenth century?
- The Scientic Method
The belief that the earth and planets revolved around the sun
- Heliocentrism
- By Copernicus in “On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres.:
What did Galileo Galilei do?
- Supported Helopcentric beliefs
- Built a really good telescope
Who wrote ‘On the Consiruction of the Human Body”?
- Andreas Vesalius
Most Advanced Countries around the Seventeenth Century?
- English
- Dutch
Shakespeare’s Theatre
- The Globe
Who invented the Essay?
- Michel de Montaigne
What is natural law?
- Personhood, life, liberty, property, human rights
Who invented the modern calendar?
- Pope Gregory XV (13)
Define Iconoclastic
- A person who attacks cherished beliefs or institutions
Who invented the Scientific Method?
Francis Bacon - Inductive
Decart - Deductive - ‘I think therefore I am’
