Chapter 16 Flashcards
_________ is a term used to denote any type of gang activity in prisons and correctional facilities. Prison officials and others in law enforcement use the term security threat group or STG.
Prison Gang
_________, 392 U.S. 1 (1968), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court which held that the Fourth Amendment prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures is not violated when a police officer stops a suspect on the street and frisks him without probable cause to arrest, if the police officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime and has a reasonable belief that the person ‘may be armed and presently dangerous.’ (392 U.S. 1, at 30).
Terry V. Ohio
Colombia is the source of an estimated ___precent of the cocaine supply in the US market.
90
Colombia is the largest source of supply for the US heroin market. _______ is the second largest supplier.
Mexico
_________, also known as the ‘Unabomber’, is an American terrorist, mathematician, social critic, anarchist, and Neo-Luddite. Between 1978 and 1995, He engaged in a nation-wide bombing campaign against modern technology, planting or mailing numerous home-made bombs, killing three people and injuring 23 others.
Ted Kaczynski
_________ (INN) is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
Cocaine
_______________is a potent opiate analgesic drug that is used to relieve severe pain. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by him in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists’ shop. It was more widely used after the invention of the hypodermic needle in 1857
Morphine
_________ is the most abundant alkaloid found in opium, the dried latex extracted by shallowly slicing the unripe seedpods of the Papaver somniferum poppy and was the first active principle purified from a plant source and is one of at least 50 alkaloids of several different types present in opium, poppy straw concentrate, and other poppy derivatives
Morphine
_________ is the behaviour attributed originally to the Vandals, by the Romans, in respect of culture: ruthless destruction or spoiling of anything beautiful or venerable. The term also includes criminal damage such as graffiti and defacement directed towards any property without permission of the owner.
Vandalism
Most large Urban areas have sections that are known as drug distribution areas. These areas are sometimes called ___________.
Copping Areas
The _________ was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.
Controlled Substances Act
________commonly initialized as PCP and known colloquially as angel dust or wet, is a recreational dissociative drug. Formerly used as an anesthetic agent, PCP exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.
First synthesized in 1926, it was eventually patented in 1952 by the Parke-Davis pharmaceutical company and marketed under the brand name Sernyl.
Phencyclidine
The _________ is the United States’ central database for tracking crime-related information. Since 1967, it has been maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Criminal Justice Information Services Division, and is interlinked with similar systems that each state maintains.
NCIC
National Crime Information Center
A racket is an illegal business or scheme, usually run as part of organized crime. Engaging in a racket is called _________.
Racketeering
A _________ is generally a drug or chemical whose manufacture, possession, or use are regulated by a government.
Controlled Substance
_________ (diacetylmorphine or morphine diacetate (INN)), also known as diamorphine (BAN), and colloquially as smack, skag, horse, brown and other names is an opiate analgesic synthesized by C.R. Alder Wright in 1874 by adding two acetyl groups to the molecule morphine found in the opium poppy. It is the 3,6-diacetyl ester of morphine, and functions as a morphine prodrug (meaning that it is metabolically converted to morphine inside the body in order for it to work).
Heroin
_________ α-methylphenethylamine, or amfetamine (INN) is a psychostimulant drug of the phenethylamine class that produces increased wakefulness and focus in association with decreased fatigue and appetite.
Amphetamine
_________ are drugs that are created to avoid the provisions of existing drug laws, usually by preparing analogs or derivatives of existing drugs by modifying their chemical structure to varying degrees, or less commonly by finding drugs with entirely different chemical structures that produce similar subjective effects to illegal recreational drugs; they are usually sold on the black market because there are little to no regulations when it comes to these substances.
Designer Drugs
________ is defined as ‘dependence on a psychoactive substance for the reinforcement it provides.’ Most times it is classified under addiction.
Psychological Dependence
A _________ is a crime in which the offender uses or threatens to use violent force upon the victim. This entails both crimes in which the violent act is the objective, such as murder, as well as crimes in which violence is the means to an end, (including criminal ends) such as robbery.
Violent Crime
A _________, is a drug or endogenous compound that lowers or depresses arousal levels and reduces excitability.
Depressant
_________s are drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, and can therefore produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to total anesthesia. They are also effective as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants.
barbiturate
____________are psychoactive drugs which induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical function or both.
Stimulant
The term _________ originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with any sleep-inducing properties. In the United States of America it has since become associated with opioids, commonly morphine and heroin and their derivatives, such as hydrocodone. The term is, today, imprecisely defined and typically has negative connotations.
Narcotic
_________ is a form of confiscation of assets by the state, pursuant to law. It typically applies to the alleged proceeds or instrumentalities of crime. Some jurisdictions specifically use the term ‘confiscation’ instead of ‘forfeiture’.
Asset Forfeiture
_____________cartel is also known as the Guzmán-Loera Organization and the Pacific Cartel, the latter due to the coast of Mexico from which it originated. The cartel has also been called the Federation and the Blood Alliance.
Sinaloa
___________ are criminal organizations formed on the street operating throughout the United States
Street gangs
______________ are gangs that are confined to specific neighborhoods and jurisdictions and often imitatelarger, more powerful national gangs. The primary purpose for these gangs is drug distribution and sales.
Neighborhood/Local Gangs
In 2012 there were approximately ____million active street, prison, and outlaw motorcycle gang members comprising over 33,000 gangs in the U.S.
1.4
