Chapter 16-22 Flashcards
David walker
- black abolitionist
- called for immediate emancipation of slaves
Nat Tourner
- led the passage of new laws
- primarily know for TURNERS REBELLION
- virginia slave revolt which ended with the death of 60 whites, made whites more fearful
Soujourner Truth
- American abolitionist and feminist
-born into slavery - escaped in 1827
- became leading preacher against slavery and for women’s rights
Theodore dwight weld
a prominent abolitionist in the 1830’s. inspired uncle tom’s cabin. wrote ‘American slavery as it is’. weld put together a group called the “land rebels.”
Winfield Scott
-Old Fuss and Feathers,
-marched on Mexico City in 1847,
-considered to be the ablest general of his generation
John Tyler
- Took office after the death of William Henry Harrison in 1841.
-He was a Democrat but was swayed by his adoptive Whig Party.
-He signed a law to end the independent treasury but he vetoed attempts to create a Fiscal Bank.
Robert Gray
American sea captain who is credited with being the first documented European to navigate the Columbia River,
Lane rebels
in 1832 theodore dwight weld went to the lane theological seminary in cincinnati, ohio. the seminary was presided over by lyman beecher. weld and some of his comrades were kicked out for their actions of anti-slavery. the young men were known as the “lane rebels.” they helped lead and continue the preaching of anti-slavery ideas.
Lord Ashburton
-Non-professional diplomat - sent to Washington to negotiate with Daniel Webster a treaty to get a road for Britain.
-“Ash-Burton Webster treaty”
Federick Douglass
Influencial writer. one of the most prominent african american figures in the abolitionist movement. escaped from slavery in maryland. he was a great thinker and speaker. published his own antislavery newspaper called the north star and wrote an autobiography that was published in 1845.
Stephen Kearny
-American general who in 1846 led troops from Fort Leavenworth to Santa Fe, which he easily won
Zachary Taylor
- General that was a military leader in Mexican-American War
- 12th president of the United States.
-Sent by president Polk to lead the American Army against Mexico at Rio Grande, but defeated.
Aroostock War
- The result of the conflict over The Caroline ship, which consisted of angry Americans and Canadians, mostly lumberjacks, began moving into the disputed Aroostook River region, causing a violent brawl.
Spot Resolution
Congressman Abraham Lincoln supported a proposition to find the exact spot where American troops were fired upon, suspecting that they had illegally crossed into Mexican territory.
John Slidell
Sent by Polk to Mexico to negotiate Texas independence and purchase of California and New Mexico - was ignored by Mexican Government
Manifest Destiny
a phrase that represents the belief in the 19th-century United States that American settlers were destined to expand westward across North America, and that this belief was both obvious and certain.
Nicholas P. Trist
Chief clerk in the State Department, was sent to negotiate a peace treaty with a defeated Mexico in 1847. Before he could open negotiations he was summoned to return, but he ignored the order and stayed to negotiate the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
John C Fremont
an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery.
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
settled the dispute over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border between the United States and Canada as well as the location of the border in the westward frontier up to the Rocky Mountains -called for a final end to the slave trade on the high seas, to be enforced by both signatories
The Tariff of 1842
The bill restored protection and raised average tariff rates to almost 40%
Bear Flag Revolt
A revolt of American settlers in California against Mexican rule. It ignited the Mexican War and ultimately made California a state.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- 1848
- officially ended the Mexican-American War,
- gave present-day California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, most of Arizona and Colorado, in exchange for a
- $15 million payment from the U.S.
Stephen Douglas
- designed the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
- illinois
- Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858.
Franklin Pierce
Franklin Pierce was elected president in the 1852 election as the second Democratic “dark horse.” He was a pro-southern northerner who supported the Compromise of 1850 and especially the Fugitive Slave Law. He also tried to gain Cuba for the South as a slave state, but was stopped because of Northern public opinion after the incident in Ostend, Belgium. He also supported the dangerous Kansas-Nebraska Act pushed for by Senator Douglas. He was succeeded in 1856 by James Buchanan.
John C Calhoun
- prominent South Carolina politician who strongly advocated for states’ rights and fiercely defended slavery
- most notably through his “nullification” theory, where states could essentially veto federal laws they deemed unconstitutional
- BIT (recharter the bank, Internal improvements, First protective tariff)
Winfield Scott
-American general during the Mexican-American War
-entrusted with the command of the main expedition into Mexico City.
Matthew C Perry
-most recognized as a US Navy Commodore who played a crucial role in opening up Japan to foreign trade by leading the Perry Expedition in 1853,
Henry Clay
- BIT (Recharter of the Bank, Internal improvements, First protective tariff)
- aimed to unify the nation
Free-Soil party
key part to the growing of the antislavery party
Fugitive Slave Law
required all states to cooperate in returning any slave that escaped their slave owner to be returned
Underground railroad
secret trail to help slaves escape slavery up to the north as close to canada as possible
Harriet Tubman
United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913)
Compromise of 1850
- series of agreements between N+S
- temporarily deepened the slavery controversy and led to a short-lived era of good feelings
Ostend Manifesto
- top secret dispatch
- drawn up by american diplomats
- detailed a plan for seizing cuba from Spain $120 mil.
Kansas- Nebraska Act
-1854
- popular soverignty allowed Kansas Nebraska territories to decide, based on popular soverignty
Hinton Helper
- from North Carolina
- writer and abolitionist
- pushed a book that was dedicated to the non-slaveholding whites of the south
John Brown
- abolitionist who believed in the use of violence to overthrow the institution of slavery in the US
Charles Sumner
- Sumner attacked Brooks cousin while Brooks was out of congress sick
- Brooks went back to congress and beat sumner with a cane
Dred Scott
- was in a controversial SCOTUS case
- ruling that blacks had no civil or human rights
- congress couldn’t prohibit slavery in the territories
Roger taney
entered President Jackson’s Cabinet as Attorney General in 1831 and was Jackson’s legal advisor during the President’s crusade against the Second Bank of the United States
John Breckinridge
John Breckinridge was the vice-president elected in 1856. Breckinridge was nominated for the presidential election of 1860 for the Southern Democrats. After Democrats split, the Northern Democrats would no longer support him. Breckenridge favored the extension of slavery, but was not a Disunionist.
John Bell
recognized as a prominent politician from Tennessee who ran for President of the United States in 1860 as the candidate for the Constitutional Union Party,
Abraham Lincoln
16 president of the United States, he promoted equal rights for African Americans in the famed Lincoln- Douglas debates, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation and set in motion the Civil War, but he was determined to preserve the Union, was assassinated by Booth in 1865
John Crittenden
A Senator from Kentucky who made a last effort to save the Union by introducing a bill to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific, and he proposed an amendment to the Constitution that would guarantee forever the right to hold slaves in states south of the compromise line.
The impending crisis of the south
“Bleeding Kansas”
describe the violent hostilities between pro and antislavery forces in the Kansas territory during the mid and late 1850s. The primary reason for these conflicts was the question of if Kansas would enter the Union as a free or slave state. Resulting from the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, ‘Bleeding Kansas’ represented the mounting tensions between free and slave states that eventually led to the Civil War.
American or “Know- nothing” party
Panic of 1857
A notable sudden collapse in the economy caused by over speculation in railroads and lands, false banking practices, and a break in the flow of European capital to American investments as a result of the Crimean War. Since it did not effect the South as bad as the North, they gained a sense of superiority.
Lincoln- Douglas Debates
1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate
Freeport doctrine
Doctrine developed by Stephen Douglas that said the exclusion of slavery in a territory could be determined by the refusal of the voters to enact any laws that would protect slave property. It was unpopular with Southerners, and thus cost him the election.
Harper’s Ferry Raid
Event in which John Brown (an abolitionist) led an armed assault on the federal arsenal at Harper’s ferry, Virginia. While the rebellion was initially successful, they were eventually captured or killed by a small military force, ironically headed by Robert E. Lee. John Brown was eventually put on trial and ordered to death
Constitutional Union Party
Also known as the “do-nothings” or “Old Gentlemen’s” party; 1860 election; it was a middle of the road group that feared for the Union- consisted mostly of Whigs and Know-Nothings, met in Baltimore and nominated John Bell from Tennessee as candidate for presidency-the slogan for this candidate was “The Union, the Constitution, and the Enforcement of the laws.”
William Seaward
William Henry Seward, a prominent American politician who served as the United States Secretary of State under President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War
Edwin M. Stanton
Fort Sumter
Robert E Lee
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Ulysses Simpson Grant
Jefferson Davis
George B McClellan
William Tecumseh Sherman
Merrimack
Monitor
Thirteenth Amendment
Emancipation Proclamation
Antietam
Gettysburg
Vicksburg
Anaconda Plan
Copperheads
total war
Appomattox
John Wilkes Booth
Trent Affair
Gettysburg Address
Morrill Tariff Act
Conscription/draft
writ of Habeas Corpus
National banking act
Lincoln Ten Percent Plan
Wade-Davis Bill
Black Codes
Freedmen’s Bureau
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Fourteenth Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment
Carpetbaggers
scalawags
sharecropping
Andrew Johnson
Radical Republicans
Thaddeus Stevens
Charles Sumner
Union League
Election of 1876
Samuel J. Tilden
Rutherford Hayes
Compromise of 1877
Impeachment
Tenure of Office Act
Edwin Stanton
William Seward
“Seward’s Folly”
Mili
Military Reconstruction Act
Ku Klux Klan
Enforcement Acts
Ulysses S. Grant
Thomas Nast
Horace Greely
Roscoe Conkling
James G Blaine
Rutherford B Hayes
Samuel Tilden
James A Garfield
Chester A Arthur
Charles J Guiteau
Grover Cleavland
Bland- Allison Act of 1878
G.A.R (Grand Army of the Republic)
Stalwart
Half-Breed
Compromise of 1877
Civil Service Reforn
Pendleton Act of 1883
Thomas B. Reed
“Billion Dollar” Congress
Pendleton Act
Grover Cleavland
Benjamin Harrison
Cheap Money
Hard or Sound Money
Gilded Age
Bloody-Shirt
tweed Ring
Credit Mobilier Scandal
Whiskey Ring
Resumption Act
