Chapter 16 Flashcards
What are the 3 limitations of Friedel-Craft Alkylations?
-Arrangement may occur
-Deactivating group prevents alkylation
-An amino group (NC2 and NH2) tied directly to the ring produces no reaction
What is done to prevent the rearrangement of an alkyl group?
Acylation: the addition of an acyl group (O=C-R)
An addition to a benzene ring with an attached alkyl group results in what position ALWAYS?
Ortho and para
Halogens are ________, but are ________ & _________ directions.
Deactivators, para, ortho
Regardless of the reaction being done 2 deactivators on a ring produces ______________.
No reaction
Meta directors are __________ & have an electron ____________ group (O=C-CH3).
Deactivators, withdrawing
What is used for Chlorination?
Cl2 —–> FeCl3
What can occur if the alkyl group in a Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction has more than two Carbons?
Rearrangement
The use of NBS for bromination results in the addition of Br in _________ existing __________ positions.
all, allylic
Oxidation carried out with potassium permanganate will change any carbon chain that is not branched into what?
Carboxylic acid
What kind of reaction is the second step in acylation?
Reduction (H2 —-> Pd/C)
Alkyl group are known as _________ which are electron _________.
activator, releasing
What is used for sulfonation?
SO3 —–> H2SO4
What is used for an Friedel-Craft Alkylation Reaction?
RCl ——> AlCl3
I-NR3 produces _________ reaction because it __________ the ring.
no, fully deactivates
What is used in the reduction reaction of converting NO2 to NH2?
Fe —–> H2O, H+
Fe——> H3O
SnCl4
What is used for bromination?
Br2 —–> FeBr3
What is used for nitration?
HNO3 —–> H2SO4
The most abundant product is the ________ sterically hindered.
least
If there are 2 deactivators & 1 activator on a ring will a reaction occur & what will dictate the result?
yes, the 1 activator
What steps are used in Acylation?
O=RC- Cl—> AlCl3
H2 —-> Pd/C
