Chapter 16-18 Vocab Flashcards
area built up by rich fertile soil left by river floods
alluvial plain
underground layer of rock through which water flows
aquifer
local marketplace in North Africa and Southwest Asia
Bazaar
Bedouin
nomadic desert people of Southwest Asia who follow a traditional way
successor to Mohammad
caliph
art of beautiful writing
caligraphy
older section of Algerian cities
casbah
farm product grown for export
cash crop
independent political unit that includes a city and a surrounding country.
city state
fight between opposing groups for control of a country’s government
civil war
a large group of people who have a common ancestor in the past
clan
form of government in which a Monarch is head of state, but elected officials run the government
constitutional monarchy
Agreement
covenant
for of writing from ancient Mesopotamia that consists of wedge-shaped markings pressed into clay tablets
cuniform
process of treating seawater to remove salt and minerals and make it drinkable
de-salinization
form of government in which a leader rules by force and typically limits citizens’ freedom
dictatorship
rules in certain religions that dictate which foods people eat and how food should be prepared
dietary law
agriculture that conserves water and uses crops and growing methods suited to semi-arid environments
dry farming
ban on trade with a country
embargo
small territory entirely surrounded by a larger territory
enclave
tales or poems about heroes or heroines
epic
large areas of soft sands and dunes in the Sahara
erg
crack in the earth’s surface where two tectonic plates meet; prone to earthquakes
fault
peasant farmers of Egypt who rent small plots of land
fellahin
mass murder of people from a particular ethnic group
genocide
pilgrimage to the Muslim holy city of Mekkah, the completion of which at least once in a lifetime is one of the five pillars of Islam
Hajj
system of writing that uses small pictures to represent sounds or words
hieroglyphics
process of collecting water and distributing it to crops
irrigation
settlement in Israel where settlers share all their property and make goods as well as carry out farming
Kibbutz
belief in one God
monotheism
settlement in Israel in which people share in farming, production and selling, but each person is allowed to own some private property as well
moshav
person who lives by moving from place to place to follow herds of migrating animals that they hunt; or to lead herds of grazing animals to fresh pasture
nomad
fertile area that rises in a desert wherever water is regularly found
oasis
name for powerful ruler in ancient Egypt
Pharaoh
chemical salt used to make fertilizer
phosphate
illegal fishing or hunting
poaching
belief in more than one god
polytheism
messenger of God
prophet
making a resource available in limitation each year
rationing
facility that turns petroleum into gasoline and other products
refinery
christian holy person
saint
non-religious
secular
type of rock formed when layers of sediment or dirt from the ocean floor are compressed together and harden
sedimentary rock
small particles of rich soil
silt
partly dry grassland often found on the edges of the desert
steppe
violence used against the people or government in hopes of winning political goals
terrorism
form of government in which the leader claims to rule on behalf of a god
Theocracy
step taken to cut off trade with a country to show opposition to it government’s actions
trade sanctions
dry riverbed that fills with water when rare rain falls in a desert
wadi
