Chapter 16-18 Vocab

Question 1

area built up by rich fertile soil left by river floods

Answer 1

alluvial plain

Question 2

underground layer of rock through which water flows

Answer 2

aquifer

Question 3

local marketplace in North Africa and Southwest Asia

Answer 3

Bazaar

Question 4

Bedouin

Answer 4

nomadic desert people of Southwest Asia who follow a traditional way

Question 5

successor to Mohammad

Answer 5

caliph

Question 6

art of beautiful writing

Answer 6

caligraphy

Question 7

older section of Algerian cities

Answer 7

casbah

Question 8

farm product grown for export

Answer 8

cash crop

Question 9

independent political unit that includes a city and a surrounding country.

Answer 9

city state

Question 10

fight between opposing groups for control of a country’s government

Answer 10

civil war

Question 11

a large group of people who have a common ancestor in the past

Answer 11

clan

Question 12

form of government in which a Monarch is head of state, but elected officials run the government

Answer 12

constitutional monarchy

Question 13

Agreement

Answer 13

covenant

Question 14

for of writing from ancient Mesopotamia that consists of wedge-shaped markings pressed into clay tablets

Answer 14

cuniform

Question 15

process of treating seawater to remove salt and minerals and make it drinkable

Answer 15

de-salinization

Question 16

form of government in which a leader rules by force and typically limits citizens’ freedom

Answer 16

dictatorship

Question 17

rules in certain religions that dictate which foods people eat and how food should be prepared

Answer 17

dietary law

Question 18

agriculture that conserves water and uses crops and growing methods suited to semi-arid environments

Answer 18

dry farming

Question 19

ban on trade with a country

Answer 19

embargo

Question 20

small territory entirely surrounded by a larger territory

Answer 20

enclave

Question 21

tales or poems about heroes or heroines

Answer 21

epic

Question 22

large areas of soft sands and dunes in the Sahara

Answer 22

erg

Question 23

crack in the earth’s surface where two tectonic plates meet; prone to earthquakes

Answer 23

fault

Question 24

peasant farmers of Egypt who rent small plots of land

Answer 24

fellahin

Question 25

mass murder of people from a particular ethnic group

Answer 25

genocide

Question 26

pilgrimage to the Muslim holy city of Mekkah, the completion of which at least once in a lifetime is one of the five pillars of Islam

Answer 26

Hajj

Question 27

system of writing that uses small pictures to represent sounds or words

Answer 27

hieroglyphics

Question 28

process of collecting water and distributing it to crops

Answer 28

irrigation

Question 29

settlement in Israel where settlers share all their property and make goods as well as carry out farming

Answer 29

Kibbutz

Question 30

belief in one God

Answer 30

monotheism

Question 31

settlement in Israel in which people share in farming, production and selling, but each person is allowed to own some private property as well

Answer 31

moshav

Question 32

person who lives by moving from place to place to follow herds of migrating animals that they hunt; or to lead herds of grazing animals to fresh pasture

Answer 32

nomad

Question 33

fertile area that rises in a desert wherever water is regularly found

Answer 33

oasis

Question 34

name for powerful ruler in ancient Egypt

Answer 34

Pharaoh

Question 35

chemical salt used to make fertilizer

Answer 35

phosphate

Question 36

illegal fishing or hunting

Answer 36

poaching

Question 37

belief in more than one god

Answer 37

polytheism

Question 38

messenger of God

Answer 38

prophet

Question 39

making a resource available in limitation each year

Answer 39

rationing

Question 40

facility that turns petroleum into gasoline and other products

Answer 40

refinery

Question 41

christian holy person

Answer 41

saint

Question 42

non-religious

Answer 42

secular

Question 43

type of rock formed when layers of sediment or dirt from the ocean floor are compressed together and harden

Answer 43

sedimentary rock

Question 44

small particles of rich soil

Answer 44

silt

Question 45

partly dry grassland often found on the edges of the desert

Answer 45

steppe

Question 46

violence used against the people or government in hopes of winning political goals

Answer 46

terrorism

Question 47

form of government in which the leader claims to rule on behalf of a god

Answer 47

Theocracy

Question 48

step taken to cut off trade with a country to show opposition to it government's actions

Answer 48

trade sanctions

Question 49

dry riverbed that fills with water when rare rain falls in a desert

Answer 49

wadi