Chapter 16

Question 1

Taylorism

Answer 1

A set of doctrines for the** scientific management** of production
- realized new levels of standizarion and economies of scale

Question 2

Social Darwinism

Answer 2

Rose as a corresponding ideology of inequality
- populairzed by Herbert Spencer
- Supported by Gilded Age elites (Andrew Carnegie)
- identified a natural order that extended the laws of cosmos to the workings of industrial society
- provided moral justification for national politices that minimized govrnment interference in economy other than supporting/protection

Non-prominent proponent: Henry George

Question 3

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 3

Steel Magnate that owned steel mills and A Gilded Age elite

Question 4

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Answer 4

Caused a new wave of organizing and strikes, labor conflicts (WV, PA, NY, MA, IL, MO)
- violently suppressed after 45 days and hundreds of deaths due to milita, federal troops, and National Guard
- convinced workers the need to organize and Union membership increased

Question 5

Knights of Labor

Answer 5

An early labor union, recognized for effort to organize across lines of skilled vs unskilled, gender, and race
- Came from the Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Question 6

Pinkerton Detective Agency

Answer 6

Company that provided agents to work as strikebreakers
supported by police and state militias

Question 7

Eight-Hour Day

Answer 7

Rallying cry for labor causing strikes in Chicago and bomb attacks on police and violence

Question 8

Haymarket Affair

Answer 8

Used to justify further supression of labor organizing, leading to the collapse of eight-hour movement
- helped Americans associate unionism with radicalism

Question 9

American Federation of Labor

Answer 9

A labor organization that emerged as an conservative alternative to the vision of Knights of Labor
- consisted of craft unions and rejected the view of the KoL
- tried avoiding strikes