Chapter 16

Question 1

Define absolutism.

Answer 1

a system of government in which the ruler claims sole and incontestable power

Question 2

Define constitutionalism.

Answer 2

a system in which the ruler shares power with an assemble of elected representatives

Question 3

bureaucracy

Answer 3

a network of state officials carrying out orders according to a regular and routine line of authority

Question 4

When was the Glorious Revolution

Answer 4

1689

Question 5

What is absolutism or divine right kingship.

Answer 5

originated in France; ruler is in place at the hand of God and the king alone is sovereign

Question 6

The Glorious Revolution occurred in what year?

Answer 6

1689

Question 7

What is the gentry?

Answer 7

Nobles and non-noble landowners

Question 8

What is a manor?

Answer 8

A manor is an agricultural estate.

Question 9

What is the Estates General?

Answer 9

It was the national legislative body in France.

Question 10

What is the dauphin?

Answer 10

the heir to the throne

Question 11

Define despotism.

Answer 11

the exercise of absolute power, esp. in a cruel and oppressive way

Question 12

Define serf.

Answer 12

an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate.

Question 13

Define Junker

Answer 13

a German nobleman or aristocrat, esp. a member of the Prussian aristocracy.

Question 14

Define noble.

Answer 14

belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status

Question 15

Define sumptuary.

Answer 15

relating to or denoting laws that limit private expenditure on food and personal items.

Question 16

What is the Cross-Atlantic exchange?

Answer 16

An initial spur to the expansion of overseas trade in the 15th to 17th century, including food, culture, disease and other products.

Question 17

What is the upcoming middle group of society during the Cross-Atlantic exchange time frame?

Answer 17

The middling group.

Question 18

Provide 2 definitions of aristocracy.

Answer 18

1) the highest class in certain societies, esp. those holding hereditary titles or offices:
2) a form of government in which power is held by the nobility

Question 19

Define guild.

Answer 19

• an association of people for mutual aid or the pursuit of a common goal.

Question 20

Why was pepper important to Europeans in the 17th c.?

Answer 20

wealthy lived off of meat, aristocracy wanted pepper to enliven the taste of meat, especially slightly rotten meat

Question 21

What is a downside of trade value?

Answer 21

African slave trade

Question 22

Define history.

Answer 22

history is a unique interaction between the things we know happened in the past and the concerns in the present