Chapter 16 Flashcards
Define absolutism.
a system of government in which the ruler claims sole and incontestable power
Define constitutionalism.
a system in which the ruler shares power with an assemble of elected representatives
bureaucracy
a network of state officials carrying out orders according to a regular and routine line of authority
When was the Glorious Revolution
1689
What is absolutism or divine right kingship.
originated in France; ruler is in place at the hand of God and the king alone is sovereign
The Glorious Revolution occurred in what year?
1689
What is the gentry?
Nobles and non-noble landowners
What is a manor?
A manor is an agricultural estate.
What is the Estates General?
It was the national legislative body in France.
What is the dauphin?
the heir to the throne
Define despotism.
the exercise of absolute power, esp. in a cruel and oppressive way
Define serf.
an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate.
Define Junker
a German nobleman or aristocrat, esp. a member of the Prussian aristocracy.
Define noble.
belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status
Define sumptuary.
relating to or denoting laws that limit private expenditure on food and personal items.
What is the Cross-Atlantic exchange?
An initial spur to the expansion of overseas trade in the 15th to 17th century, including food, culture, disease and other products.
What is the upcoming middle group of society during the Cross-Atlantic exchange time frame?
The middling group.
Provide 2 definitions of aristocracy.
1) the highest class in certain societies, esp. those holding hereditary titles or offices:
2) a form of government in which power is held by the nobility
Define guild.
• an association of people for mutual aid or the pursuit of a common goal.
Why was pepper important to Europeans in the 17th c.?
wealthy lived off of meat, aristocracy wanted pepper to enliven the taste of meat, especially slightly rotten meat
What is a downside of trade value?
African slave trade
Define history.
history is a unique interaction between the things we know happened in the past and the concerns in the present
