Chapter 16

Question 1

which of the following encouraged Western settlement in the nineteenth century?

Answer 1

completion of the transcontinental railroad
federal government land policies
short-grass pastures for cattle and sheep
promise of gold and silver deposits

Question 2

How did U.S. expansion to California affect most members of the Mexican aristocracy in the region?

Answer 2

They lost their land and were forced into poverty and unskilled labor.

Question 3

The awe-inspiring qualities of the Western landscape were commonly depicted by painters of the ______ school.

Answer 3

Rocky Mountain

Question 4

In 1852, to exclude the Chinese from mining, the California legislature ______.

Answer 4

levied a tax on foreign miners

Question 5

How did the Chinese respond to working conditions on the transcontinental railroad?

Answer 5

Some went on strike to combat low pay and terrible conditions.

Question 6

The author and humorist who wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was ______.

Answer 6

Mark Twain

Question 7

Which of the following is true of the Chinese Exclusion Act?

Answer 7

It banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens.
It resulted in a dramatic decline in the Chinese population in the United States.

Question 8

What posed the greatest challenge to laborers in the West?

Answer 8

lack of job security

Question 9

How did the Homestead Act encourage migration to the West?

Answer 9

It gave settlers land for a small fee in exchange for occupying and improving the land.

Question 10

What was a direct result of the landscapes of the Rocky Mountain school?

Answer 10

Western tourism

Question 11

Which group eventually established a more permanent economy where mineral strikes were discovered?

Answer 11

ranchers

Question 12

Why did white opinion of Chinese immigrants change during the 1850s?

Answer 12

White people became jealous of the Chinese who prospered, especially in the gold mines.

Question 13

What did American cattlemen and cowboys adopt from Mexican ranchers?

Answer 13

roping
saddles
branding
roundups
spurs

Question 14

Mark Twain’s characters Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer tried to escape into a more natural world.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What was one effect of the federal government’s policy of placing Native American groups on reservations?

Answer 15

Native American groups were displaced to various undesirable lands.

Question 16

In the Western economy, ______ workers filled the skilled jobs, while ______ employees occupied the unskilled jobs

Answer 16

white; nonwhite

Question 17

How did the United States respond to acts of aggression by indigenous warriors?

Answer 17

by calling upon militias to subdue and destroy them

Question 18

After the Civil War, most new settlers to the West came from ______.

Answer 18

the East

Question 19

What was the primary reason that white people engaged in the practice of “Indian hunting”?

Answer 19

They did not think white people and indigenous people could coexist, so they wanted to eliminate the indigenous people.

Question 20

Which term best describes the mining boom in the West?

Answer 20

short-lived

Question 21

Ranchers moved cattle substantial distances from ranges to railroad centers, in procedures called ______.

Answer 21

long drives

Question 22

Why did the Indians’ actions at Little Bighorn ultimately fail?

Answer 22

The Indians lacked the political organization or supplies to keep their troops united.

Question 23

The United States concentration policy ______.

Answer 23

forced Native American groups to live in specific, defined reservations

Question 24

Which Native American group tried to flee to Canada after several of its younger members killed four white settlers while the Native Americans were in the process of being moved to a reservation?

Answer 24

Nez Percé

Question 25

Incidents such as the Sand Creek massacre illustrated the tensions between the Cheyenne and Arapaho and the area’s ______.

Answer 25

miners

Question 26

Which of the following were responsible for the loss of the Native American population in California between 1850 and 1880?

Answer 26

poverty
Indian hunters
disease

Question 27

What cornerstone of Native American culture was directly destroyed by the Dawes Severalty Act?

Answer 27

communal property ownership

Question 28

In 1849, settlers swarmed to California because of the discovery of ______ in the region.

Answer 28

gold

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the agricultural economy in the West after the Civil War?

Answer 29

boom-bust

Question 30

Among the casualties at the Battle of Little Bighorn was a man known for his skirmishes with Native Americans. Who was this man?

Answer 30

George Custer