Chapter 16 Flashcards
which of the following encouraged Western settlement in the nineteenth century?
completion of the transcontinental railroad
federal government land policies
short-grass pastures for cattle and sheep
promise of gold and silver deposits
How did U.S. expansion to California affect most members of the Mexican aristocracy in the region?
They lost their land and were forced into poverty and unskilled labor.
The awe-inspiring qualities of the Western landscape were commonly depicted by painters of the ______ school.
Rocky Mountain
In 1852, to exclude the Chinese from mining, the California legislature ______.
levied a tax on foreign miners
How did the Chinese respond to working conditions on the transcontinental railroad?
Some went on strike to combat low pay and terrible conditions.
The author and humorist who wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was ______.
Mark Twain
Which of the following is true of the Chinese Exclusion Act?
It banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens.
It resulted in a dramatic decline in the Chinese population in the United States.
What posed the greatest challenge to laborers in the West?
lack of job security
How did the Homestead Act encourage migration to the West?
It gave settlers land for a small fee in exchange for occupying and improving the land.
What was a direct result of the landscapes of the Rocky Mountain school?
Western tourism
Which group eventually established a more permanent economy where mineral strikes were discovered?
ranchers
Why did white opinion of Chinese immigrants change during the 1850s?
White people became jealous of the Chinese who prospered, especially in the gold mines.
What did American cattlemen and cowboys adopt from Mexican ranchers?
roping
saddles
branding
roundups
spurs
Mark Twain’s characters Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer tried to escape into a more natural world.
True
What was one effect of the federal government’s policy of placing Native American groups on reservations?
Native American groups were displaced to various undesirable lands.
In the Western economy, ______ workers filled the skilled jobs, while ______ employees occupied the unskilled jobs
white; nonwhite
How did the United States respond to acts of aggression by indigenous warriors?
by calling upon militias to subdue and destroy them
After the Civil War, most new settlers to the West came from ______.
the East
What was the primary reason that white people engaged in the practice of “Indian hunting”?
They did not think white people and indigenous people could coexist, so they wanted to eliminate the indigenous people.
Which term best describes the mining boom in the West?
short-lived
Ranchers moved cattle substantial distances from ranges to railroad centers, in procedures called ______.
long drives
Why did the Indians’ actions at Little Bighorn ultimately fail?
The Indians lacked the political organization or supplies to keep their troops united.
The United States concentration policy ______.
forced Native American groups to live in specific, defined reservations
Which Native American group tried to flee to Canada after several of its younger members killed four white settlers while the Native Americans were in the process of being moved to a reservation?
Nez Percé
Incidents such as the Sand Creek massacre illustrated the tensions between the Cheyenne and Arapaho and the area’s ______.
miners
Which of the following were responsible for the loss of the Native American population in California between 1850 and 1880?
poverty
Indian hunters
disease
What cornerstone of Native American culture was directly destroyed by the Dawes Severalty Act?
communal property ownership
In 1849, settlers swarmed to California because of the discovery of ______ in the region.
gold
Which of the following best describes the agricultural economy in the West after the Civil War?
boom-bust
Among the casualties at the Battle of Little Bighorn was a man known for his skirmishes with Native Americans. Who was this man?
George Custer
