Chapter 16 Flashcards
Chemistry
the study of matter, matter composition, the matter’s properties and how matter reacts with other matter
Matter
Anything that has mass and volume
Chemical symbols
short or abbreviated name of an element
Atom
smallest part of an element that retains the properties of the element
When was the first time the atom was seen
1981
How long was the existence of atoms known
for 2,000 years
How much bigger are Protons and neutrons than an electron
1800 times more mass
Quarks
Very small particles that compose protons and neutrons
The 6 types of quarks
up, charm, down, bottom, top, and strange
unit for the mass of an atom
atomic mass unit
Atomic Number
the number of protons an element has in its nucleus
Mass Number
the sum of protons and neutrons an element has in its nucleus
Isotopes
atoms of the same element but different mass numbers and is because of a difference in neutrons
Periodic
repeated pattern
Who made the periodic table and when
Dmitri Mendeleev in the 1800
Who changed the period table to be arranged based on the atomic number
Henry Moseley and in 1913
periods
Horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table and numbered for the amount of shells around the nucleus
Groups
Vertical columns of elements and every element in the same group have the same number of electrons in the atom’s outermost energy level.
Valence electrons
Electrons in the outermost energy level.
Group 1
Alkali metals
Group 2
Alkaline Earth metals
Group 3-12
Transition Metals
Group 13
Boron
Group 14
Carbon
Group 15
Nitrogen
Group 16
Oxygen
Group 17
Halogens
Group 18
Noble gases
How electrons are in the 1st shell
1-2
How electrons are in the 2nd shell
1-8
How electrons are in the 3rd shell
1-8, 18
How electrons are in the 4th shell
1-8, 18, 32
Neutral Atom
an atom that does not have a charge
Ion
an atom with a charge
Stable Atom
an atom that has its outer energy level full
Substance
a type of matter with a fix composition
Molecule
2 or more atoms that combine
