Chapter 16 Flashcards
The cell walls of bacteria are made of a copolymer of
Question 1 options:
proteins and lipids.
proteins and polysaccharides.
polysaccharides and peptides.
cellulose and lignin
a
Which of the following antibiotics inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls?
Question 2 options:
Penicillin
Streptomycin
Tetracyclin
Actinomycin D
a
The polysaccharide chains of bacterial cell walls are made of alternating
Question 3 options:
N-acetylgalactose and N-acetylmuramic acids.
N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acids.
N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acids.
N-acetyl galactose and N-acetylneuraminic acids.
a
Fungal cell walls are built primarily of
Question 4 options:
cellulose.
peptidoglycan.
pectin.
chitin.
a
Plant cell walls consist of cellulose fibrils in a matrix of
Question 5 options:
chitin and pectin.
pectin and hemicellulose.
Pectin and lignin.
lignin and chitin.
a
The structural polysaccharide of fungal cell walls is the same as the one found in insect
Question 6 options:
exoskeletons.
endoskeletons.
eyes.
cartilage.
a
Pectins form a _______ network in plant cell walls.
Question 7 options:
fibrous
gel-like
solid, rigid
waxy
a
Cellulose synthase in plants is located
Question 8 options:
in the Golgi apparatus.
in the cytosol.
in the plasma membrane.
outside the cell.
a
The direction of cellulose microfibril synthesis in elongating plant cells is
Question 9 options:
parallel to the direction of cell elongation.
perpendicular to the direction of cell elongation.
perpendicular to the direction of microtubules under the plasma membrane.
parallel to the endoplasmic reticulum under the plasma membrane.
a
The thin, sheetlike basal laminae are found
Question 10 options:
under epithelia.
in the cytoplasm just below the plasma membrane.
in the extracellular space surrounding all eukaryotic cells.
in between adjacent cells connected by gap junctions.
a
The major protein of the extracellular matrix of animal cells is
Question 11 options:
keratin.
fibronectin.
collagen.
chondroitin sulfate.
a
Collagens commonly contain the three repeating amino acids: proline,
Question 12 options:
glutamine, and hydroxyproline.
glycine, and hydroxyproline.
glycine, and hydroxylysine.
glutamine, and hydroxylysine.
a
Basal laminae are a meshwork of fibrils composed primarily of type _______ collagen.
Question 13 options:
I
II
III
IV
a
The smallest amino acid is
Question 14 options:
glycine.
proline.
cysteine.
asparagine.
a
Vitamin C deficiency may lead to scurvy, a disease characterized by skin lesions and blood vessel hemorrhages due to weakened connective tissue. Vitamin C deficiency has this effect because the vitamin is
Question 15 options:
a critical structural component of collagen.
required for the enzymatic activity of prolyl hydroxylase.
required for the enzymatic activity of cellulose synthase.
required for the enzymatic activity of hydroxyprolyl hydroxylase.
a
Connective tissue cells are connected to the extracellular matrix by receptors that bind to an adhesive protein called
Question 16 options:
fibronectin.
aggrecan.
integrin.
lamin.
a
Integrins are
Question 17 options:
transmembrane proteins.
peripheral membrane proteins.
components of the extracellular matrix.
components of a desmosome.
a
Integrins bind to
Question 18 options:
collagen, laminin, and fibronectin.
plectin and proteoglycans.
α-actinin, vinculin, and talin.
All of the above
a
The major cell surface receptor(s) responsible for the attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix is(are)
Question 19 options:
hemidesmosomes.
desmosomes.
integrins.
laminin.
a
Cell adhesion molecules can be divided into four major groups. Which of the following is not one of those groups?
Question 20 options:
Selectins
Integrins
Collagens
Immunoglobulin superfamily
a
The major family of calcium-mediated cell-surface adhesion molecules is
Question 21 options:
calmodulins.
calsequestrins.
cadherins.
fibronectins.
a
If developing pre-nerve cells expressing only N-cadherin on their surfaces were mixed with epithelial cells expressing only E-cadherin, what would be the most likely result?
Question 22 options:
All cells would mix and adhere to one another equally.
Nerve cells would adhere to one another, and epithelial cells would adhere to one another.
Nerve cells would adhere to one another in the center, and epithelial cells would surround them.
Epithelial cells would adhere to one another in the center, and nerve cells would surround them.
a
Adherens junctions are linked to cytoplasmic
Question 23 options:
actin filaments.
intermediate filaments.
microtubules.
myosin filaments.
a
Desmosomes are linked to cytoplasmic
Question 24 options:
actin filaments.
intermediate filaments.
microtubules.
myosin filaments.
a
Which of the following molecules mediate the association of actin filaments with the cadherins in an adherens junction?
Question 25 options:
Plakoglobulins
Plectins
Talins
α- and β-catenin
a
Desmosomes are held together by the adhesion of the two desmosomal cadherins:
Question 26 options:
desmoglein and desmocollin.
desmoglein and desmoplakin.
desmoglobin and desmocollin.
desmoglobin and desmoplakin.
a
A junctional complex consists of a tight junction associated with both adherens junctions and
Question 27 options:
desmosomes.
gap junctions.
hemidesmosomes.
focal adhesions.
a
