Chapter 15.3 Water As A Solvent Flashcards

1
Q

What are aqueous solutions

A

Are formed when solid, liquid or gas is dissolved in water.
Solute - substance being dissolved
Solvent - liquid in the substance is dissolved in
**Aqueous solution solvent always = water

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2
Q

What are the common characteristics of solutions? (3)

A
  • the solute and solvent cannot be distinguished from each other = HOMOGENOUS
  • dissolved particles are too small to see
  • the amount of dissolved solute can vary from 1 solution to another
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3
Q

What occurs during DISSOLUTION (3)?

A

Dissolution = process of a substance dissolving in another substance
* when two substances are liquids = miscible

During dissolution process the following occurs.

  • particles of the solute are separated from one another
  • particles of the solvent are separated from one another
  • solute and solvent particles are attracted to each other

For a solution to form, the solute particles must interact with the solvent molecules.
* the solute particles are surrounded by solvent molecules and carried throughout the solution.

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4
Q

What forces are involved in dissolving?

A

For a substance to dissolve the attractive forces that form between the solute and solvent particles must be sufficing to overcome the forces between the particles in solute and solvent molecules.

  1. Forces hold particles of the substance (solute) together before it is added to the solvent
  2. Forces hold the solvent molecules together. In water = hydrogen bonds
  3. Forces can form between the solute particles and solvent molecules if the substance dissolves
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5
Q

Polar and non - polar solvents. Which one is soluble?

A

Polar molecules have a permanent dipole and an uneven distribution of charge, and are symmetrical
*** WILL generally DISSOLVE substances consisting of polar molecules or charged ions but not solute made up of non-polar

Non- Polar molecules have bonds with an equal distribution of valence (outer shell) electrons, therefore there is no charge on either end of the molecule and the molecule is symmetrical
** can DISSOLVE NON POLAR molecules but not polar molecules or ions.

Use ‘like dissolves like’ to predict if something will dissolve in a solvent

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6
Q

For a substance to be soluble … what is needed? (3)

A

For a substance to be soluble,

  • the particles of solute and solvent separate
  • the solute and solvent must be attracted to each other,
  • the solute - solvent interactions must be stronger than the solute-solute and solvent- solvent interactions.- MEANING THE ATTRACTIVE INTERMOLECULAR FORCED MUST BE OVERCOME TO SUCESSFULLY DISSOLVE
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