Chapter 15.1 and 15.2 Flashcards
defined as all of the individuals of a species within a given area
population
populations exhibit a structure, which includes _____ and their ______.
distribution
density
in this technique, researchers capture many individuals within a defined area, mark them in some way and release them back into the environment.
mark-recapture method
how organisms are distributed in space
dispersion
high densities of individuals in certain resource-rich areas and low densities elsewhere
clumped-distribution
on a global level humans show a ________ distribution, with high densities found around transportation resources, such as rivers and coastlines
clumped
The clumped distribution of humans makes a more _______ distribution on a local scale.
uniform
Species that show a _______ distribution are more territorial.
uniform
nonsocial species with the ability to tolerate a wide range of conditions typically show a ________ distribution
random
growth that occurs in proportion to the current total
exponential growth
The annual _______ ________ of a population is the percentage change in population size over a single year.
growth rate
Growth Rate= __________ - _________.
Birth rate - Death rate
Scientists who study human population growth refer to the period when birth rates are dropping toward lowered death rates as the _________ __________.
demographic transition
countries that have industrial economies and high individual incomes
developed countries
countries that are early in the process of industrial development and have low individual incomes
less developed countries
The massive migrations of Norway lemmings that occur every 5 to 7 years and lead to many lemming deaths result from ______ ______.
population crowding
The maximum population that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment is known as the environments
carrying capacity
Birth rate and death rate become equal, and the population stabilizes at its maximum size.
logistic growth
The declining growth rate near a populations carrying capacity is caused by _____ ______ ______, which are population-limiting factors that increase in intensity as a population increases in size.
density dependent factors
Density-dependent factors cause either ______ in birth rate or ______ in death rate.
decline
increase
Density-dependent factors can be contrasted with _____ ______ ______ that influence population growth rates.
density-independent factors
The amount of food energy available on the planet is referred to as the
net primary productivity (NPP)
one-time stock and cannot be easily replaced
nonrenewable resources
