Chapter 15.1 and 15.2

Question 1

defined as all of the individuals of a species within a given area

Answer 1

population

Question 2

populations exhibit a structure, which includes _____ and their ______.

Answer 2

distribution

density

Question 3

in this technique, researchers capture many individuals within a defined area, mark them in some way and release them back into the environment.

Answer 3

mark-recapture method

Question 4

how organisms are distributed in space

Answer 4

dispersion

Question 5

high densities of individuals in certain resource-rich areas and low densities elsewhere

Answer 5

clumped-distribution

Question 6

on a global level humans show a ________ distribution, with high densities found around transportation resources, such as rivers and coastlines

Answer 6

clumped

Question 7

The clumped distribution of humans makes a more _______ distribution on a local scale.

Answer 7

uniform

Question 8

Species that show a _______ distribution are more territorial.

Answer 8

uniform

Question 9

nonsocial species with the ability to tolerate a wide range of conditions typically show a ________ distribution

Answer 9

random

Question 10

growth that occurs in proportion to the current total

Answer 10

exponential growth

Question 11

The annual _______ ________ of a population is the percentage change in population size over a single year.

Answer 11

growth rate

Question 12

Growth Rate= __________ - _________.

Answer 12

Birth rate - Death rate

Question 13

Scientists who study human population growth refer to the period when birth rates are dropping toward lowered death rates as the _________ __________.

Answer 13

demographic transition

Question 14

countries that have industrial economies and high individual incomes

Answer 14

developed countries

Question 15

countries that are early in the process of industrial development and have low individual incomes

Answer 15

less developed countries

Question 16

The massive migrations of Norway lemmings that occur every 5 to 7 years and lead to many lemming deaths result from ______ ______.

Answer 16

population crowding

Question 17

The maximum population that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment is known as the environments

Answer 17

carrying capacity

Question 18

Birth rate and death rate become equal, and the population stabilizes at its maximum size.

Answer 18

logistic growth

Question 19

The declining growth rate near a populations carrying capacity is caused by _____ ______ ______, which are population-limiting factors that increase in intensity as a population increases in size.

Answer 19

density dependent factors

Question 20

Density-dependent factors cause either ______ in birth rate or ______ in death rate.

Answer 20

decline

increase

Question 21

Density-dependent factors can be contrasted with _____ ______ ______ that influence population growth rates.

Answer 21

density-independent factors

Question 22

The amount of food energy available on the planet is referred to as the

Answer 22

net primary productivity (NPP)

Question 23

one-time stock and cannot be easily replaced

Answer 23

nonrenewable resources