Chapter 15: The Second Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Social Darwinism
The theory that the finest people, businesses, or nations would succed, while the unfit would fail
Edwin L. Drake
Used a steam engine to drill for oil
Horizontal Immigration
Ownership of several companies making the same product
Elijah McCoy
A son of runaway slaves who made a major contribution to the industrial use of oil by inventing a lubricating cup that fed oil to parts of a machine while it was running
Knights of Labor
Labor union with workers of different races, genders, and skills
Vertical Integration
Ownership of businesses involved in each step of manufacturing process
Eugene V. Debs
Head of American Railroad union; supported the Pullman strikes
Bessemer Process
A method of steel making that burned off impurities in molten iron with a blast of hot air
American Federation of Labor
Union founded by Samuel Gompers for skilled workers
Patent
A guarantee to protect an inventor’s rights to make, use, or sell, his or her invention
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Pioneer of Railroad industry
Trust
Group of several companies with directors to eliminate competition
Corporation
Company that sells stock inventor in order to raise money
Gospel of Wealth
Wealthy should help the poor
What spurred the second growth of industrialization in the United States?
Steel
What lead to the development of the horseless carriage?
Development of motors and refined oil
What type of jobs did women have in the telephone industry?
Required operators to connect calls; fast-paced job
What did Thomas Edison do?
Invention business; numerous patents.
How can a trust become a monopoly?
If it gains exclusive control a company
What was the year of great unrest called?
Great Upheavel
What did the Sherman Antitrust Act outlaw?
Monopolies and trust that restrained trade
Why was Mary Harris Jones called “the most dangerous women in society?”
Her ambition to educate and organize laborers was so efficient it scared her competitors
Why did workers strive to unionize?
Better working conditions, better wage, and shorter hours
What type of integration did Rockefeller use?
Horizontal integration
