Chapter 15-The Ferment Of Reform And Culture Flashcards
New denominations
- were more prosperous and conservative and were little touched by revitalism
- episcopalians, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, & Unitarians continues to rise mostly from the wealthier, better-educated levels of society
Facts about 2nd Great Awakening
The 2nd great awakening swept through Americas Protestant churches, transforming the place of religion in American life and sending a generation of believers out on their missions to perfect the world
Who was Joseph Smith?
-a rugged visionary who claimed he received golden plates from an angel. When deciphered, they constituted the Book of Mormon, & the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints was formed
Key players & concepts of Mormonism
- Bringham Young & Joseph Smith
- hard work & self-control
Public education
- tax-supported
- reading, writing, & arithmetic
- need for more school houses, teachers pay, longer terms, better curriculum
Webster’s Dictionary
- spent 20 year writing his famous dictionary which helped standardize the American language
- in American-English
Women as reformers
Women were prominent in reform crusades esp. in their own struggle for suffrage. Reform campaigns provided and escape from the confines of home & an entrance to the arena of public affairs
Women’s right movement
Female reformers began to gather strength, demanding rights for women, jointing the reform movement of the age.
Challenged the man’s world
Seneca Falls,_________
- New York
- 1848 memorable women’s rights convention where defiant Stanton read a “declaration of sentiments” that all men & women are equal
Practices of utopian societies
-40 communities of setup of a cooperative, communistic, communitarian (i.e. Robert Owen, Brooke Farm, Oneida Community)
Henry David Thoreau
- Emerson’s close associate
- a poet, a mystic, a transcendentalist, & a non conformist.
- refused to pay toll tax & was jailed for a night
Planter aristocracy
Only 1,733 families owned over 100 slaves each & this select group provided the cream of the political & social leadership of the section and nation
Immigration and the South
The south repelled large scale European immigration & this added to the manpower & wealth of the North (4.4% south 18.7% north)
Subsistence farming
- raised corn and hogs, not cotton, & lived isolated lives.
- we’re scorned even by slaves as “poor white trash” and “hillbillies”
Clay Eaters & Mountain Whites
-still lived under spartan frontier conditions (i.e. Elizabeth speech forms) and looked down upon planters and their “gangs of blacks”
Slave population increases
1860 the south held nearly 4.mil slaves. The number had quadrupled since the dawn of the century when an unquenchable demand for labor appeared.
