chapter 15: solubility Flashcards
what is a way to remeber the solubility rules
- NAG SAG ( nitrate, acetates, group 1)
- CL- Br, I (PMS(s stands for silver): pb, Hg + AG)
SO4 (exceptions group 21
ionic compounds do what in water
completely ionize
what does the Ksp measure
the extent to which the dissolution reaction occurs
what is the formula for Ksp for BaSO4
Ksp =[Ba+2][SO4-]
what effects Ksp
the temperature
does excess solid have an effect on the Ksp
no
what is solubility
the quantity that dissolves to form a saturated solution
what is the units of solubility
g/L
what is molar solubility
- number of moles that dissolve to form a liter of a saturated solution (mol/L)
what can affect solubility
a common ion
- adding common ion shifts the equilibrium to the left which affects solubility because it makes more of the salt
how can relative solubilities be predicted
by comparing ksp values ONLY for salts that produce the same total number of ions(i)
if you have a higher ksp what does it mean, if you have a lower ksp what does it mean
- high ksp means more soluble
- low ksp means less soluble
what factors affect solubility
- temperature (solids are more soluble in high temp)
- presence of common sions
- pH of the solution
what happens if one of the ions in a soln is already dissolved
the equilibrium will shift to the left and the solubility will decrease
what is the effect of pH on solubility of a weak base
- addition of OH ions decreases solubility
- addition of H+ increases solubility
what is the ion product
Q
it used to predict whether a precipitate will form
if Q> ksp
if Q < ksp
- Q is greater than Ksp= precipitant will form
2. Q < Ksp= precipitant will not form
what is selective precipitation
separation technique used with mixtures of metal ions in an aqueous solution
what is qualitiative analysis
way to separate a mixture and it is based on the selective precipitation procedure
what is a complex ion
charged species consisting of a metal ion surrounded by a ligand
what is a ligand
a lewis base that donated an electron pair to an empty orbital
CL^-
H2O
what is a coordination number
the number of ligands attatched to a metal ion
what are the two strategies for dissolving a water-insoluble ionic solud
- anion of the solid is a good base
2. anion is not a good base: dissolved in a solution using a ligand