chapter 15: solubility

Question 1

what is a way to remeber the solubility rules

Answer 1

1. NAG SAG ( nitrate, acetates, group 1)
2. CL- Br, I (PMS(s stands for silver): pb, Hg + AG)
   SO4 (exceptions group 21

Question 2

ionic compounds do what in water

Answer 2

completely ionize

Question 3

what does the Ksp measure

Answer 3

the extent to which the dissolution reaction occurs

Question 4

what is the formula for Ksp for BaSO4

Answer 4

Ksp =[Ba+2][SO4-]

Question 5

what effects Ksp

Answer 5

the temperature

Question 6

does excess solid have an effect on the Ksp

Answer 6

no

Question 7

what is solubility

Answer 7

the quantity that dissolves to form a saturated solution

Question 8

what is the units of solubility

Answer 8

g/L

Question 9

what is molar solubility

Answer 9

• number of moles that dissolve to form a liter of a saturated solution (mol/L)

Question 10

what can affect solubility

Answer 10

a common ion

- adding common ion shifts the equilibrium to the left which affects solubility because it makes more of the salt

Question 11

how can relative solubilities be predicted

Answer 11

by comparing ksp values ONLY for salts that produce the same total number of ions(i)

Question 12

if you have a higher ksp what does it mean, if you have a lower ksp what does it mean

Answer 12

• high ksp means more soluble

- low ksp means less soluble

Question 13

what factors affect solubility

Answer 13

1. temperature (solids are more soluble in high temp)
2. presence of common sions
3. pH of the solution

Question 14

what happens if one of the ions in a soln is already dissolved

Answer 14

the equilibrium will shift to the left and the solubility will decrease

Question 15

what is the effect of pH on solubility of a weak base

Answer 15

• addition of OH ions decreases solubility

- addition of H+ increases solubility

Question 16

what is the ion product

Answer 16

Q

it used to predict whether a precipitate will form

Question 17

if Q> ksp

if Q < ksp

Answer 17

1. Q is greater than Ksp= precipitant will form

2. Q < Ksp= precipitant will not form

Question 18

what is selective precipitation

Answer 18

separation technique used with mixtures of metal ions in an aqueous solution

Question 19

what is qualitiative analysis

Answer 19

way to separate a mixture and it is based on the selective precipitation procedure

Question 20

what is a complex ion

Answer 20

charged species consisting of a metal ion surrounded by a ligand

Question 21

what is a ligand

Answer 21

a lewis base that donated an electron pair to an empty orbital
CL^-
H2O

Question 22

what is a coordination number

Answer 22

the number of ligands attatched to a metal ion

Question 23

what are the two strategies for dissolving a water-insoluble ionic solud

Answer 23

1. anion of the solid is a good base

2. anion is not a good base: dissolved in a solution using a ligand