Chapter 15 - Shock and Resuscitation Flashcards
anaphylactic shock
a shock (hypoperfusion) state that results from dilated and leaking blood vessels related to severe allergic reaction. Also called anaphylaxis or anaphylactic reaction.
asystole
a heart rhythm indicating absence of any electrical activity in the heart. Also known as flatline.
automated external defibrillator (AED)
a device that can analyze the electrical activity or rhythm of a patients heart and deliver an electrical an electrical shock (defibrillation) if appropriate.
burn shock
a form of nonhemorrhagic hypovolemic shock resulting from a burn injury.
cardiac arrest
the cessation of cardiac function with the patient displaying no pulse, no breathing, and unresponsiveness.
cardiogenic shock
poor perfusion resulting from an ineffective pump function of the heart, typically the left vintricle.
chain of survival
adult: immediate recognition and activation, early CPR, rapid defibrillation, effective advanced life support, integrated post cardiac arrest care.
pediatric: prevention of arrest, early high quality CPR, rapid activation of EMS, effective advanced life support, rapid transport, integrated post cardiac arrest care.
compensatory shock
the stage of shock in which a cascade of organ and gland stimulation and hormones occurs to increase the blood pressure, restore arterial wall tension, and maintain a near normal blood pressure and perfusion of the vital organs. Also called compensated shock.
defibrillation
electrical shock or current delivered to the heart through the patients chest wall or internally from an implanted device to help the heart restore a normal rhythm.
distributive shock
shock associated with a decrease in intravascular volume caused by massive systemic vasodilation and an increase in the capillary permeability.
downtime
the time from when the patient goes into cardiac arrest until CPR is effectively being performed.
hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock
shock from the loss of whole blood from the intravascular space. Often just called hemorrhagic shock.
hypoperfusion
the insufficient delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body’s cells and inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and other wastes that results from inadequate circulation of blood. Also called shock.
hypovolemic shock
shock caused by the loss of blood or fluid from the intravascular space resulting in a low blood volume.
irreversible shock
the stage of shock in which interventions are unable to prevent the advance of shock to death.
nonhemorrhagic hypovolemic shock
shock caused by loss of fluid from the intravascular space with red blood cells and hemoglobin remaining within the vessels.
obstructive shock
a poor perfusion state resulting from a condition that obstructs forward blood flow.
pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
a condition in which the heart generates relatively normal electrical rhythms but fails to perfuse the body adequately because of a decreased or absent cardiac output from cardiac muscle failure or blood loss.
resuscitation
bringing a patient back from potential or apparent death; an attempt to restore normal or adequate physiologic function.
return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
return of a spontaneous pulse during the cardiac resuscitation.
septic shock
a type of distributive shock caused by an infection that releases bacteria or toxins into the blood.
shock
the insufficient delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body’s cells and inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and other wastes that results from inadequate circulation of blood. Also called hypoperfusion.
sudden death
death of a patient within 1 hour of the onset of signs and symptoms.
survival
term applied to a patient who survives cardiac arrest to be discharged from the hopital.
