Chapter 15 Practice Test Flashcards
The ____ is the layer of the atmosphere nearest to Earth’s surface
troposphere
The ______ are windless zones near the equator
doldrums
In the water cycle, evaporated water _____
condenses into clouds
_____ is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
radiation
electrically-charged particles are found primarily in the _____
ionosphere
The _____ are responsible for the movement of much of the weather across the United States.
prevailing westerlies
the _____ merges into outer space
exosphere
too much exposure to ______ can cause skin cancer
ultraviolet radiation
air in the ____ is warmed by heat from Earth’s surface
troposphere
_____ is the transfer of heat by the flow of a heated material
convection
the _____ is cause by earth’s rotation
coriolis effect
air above the _____ is heated more than any other place on earth
equator
chlorofluorocarbons destroy the ozone layer by _____
destroying ozone molecules
steady winds between the equator and 30 degrees latitude north or south are known as _____
trade winds
air currents that blow near the north and south poles are the
polar easterlies
reflection and absorption by the atmosphere prevent some ____ from reaching earths surface
radiation
sea and land breezes happen because ____
the land heats and cools more quickly than water
the distinct wind patterns on earths surface are created by the ____ and the coriolis effect
differences in heating
temperatures in the thermosphere are ____
very warm
_____ is the only substance that exists as a solid, liquid, and gas in earth’s atmosphere
water
transfer of energy through space
radiation
transfer of energy through contact
conduction
transfer of heat by causing differences in air density
convection
transfer of energy from land and water to air by direct contact
conduction
transfer of energy from the sun to earths surface
radiation
most common gas in air
nitrogen
caused when pollutants mix with oxygen and other chemicals in the presence of sunlight
smog
zero to four percent of air
water vapor
21% of the atmosphere
oxygen
normally found in the upper stratosphere
ozone
over which material does air heat faster, water or sand?
sand
over which material does air cool faster, water or sand?
sand
how can temperature of sand and water affect climate of the area
effects the movement of cool & warm air in the area
how does this information explain the difference between land and sea breezes
it shows that land cools faster than water and warms faster
which gas makes up about one-fifth of earths atmosphere
oxygen
about what percent of earths atmosphere does water make up
0-4%
how could you express the amounted nitrogen in earth’s atmosphere as a fraction
3/4 or 4/5
you can’t see, touch, or smell the ozone layer, why is it important to you?
the ozone layer is important because it protects us from the Suns ultraviolet radiation
many cities are trying to reduce their smog levels, why?
smog pollute the air, harms plants, and damages our lungs
where is the air pressure greatest, at sea level or on a mountaintop?
sea level because air pressure decreases as altitude increases, and there’s remote molecules pushing down
if you were standing at the equator, which way would the cold air be coming from the South Pole appear to be moving
counter-clockwise
three things can happened the radiation that earth receives from the sun. what are they?
1) some will go back towards space
2) absorbed by land & water
3) absorbed by the atmosphere
