Chapter 15 PP

Question 1

Bones, muscles, and joints of the body:

Answer 1

musculoskeletal system

Question 2

Structural support and protection of internal organs:

Answer 2

bones

Question 3

Internal and external movement:

Answer 3

muscles

Question 4

Where bones come together/type determined by need for flexibility:

Answer 4

joints

Question 5

Binds muscle to bones

Answer 5

tendons

Question 6

Bind bones to other muscles

Answer 6

ligaments

Question 7

Replacement of cartilage with bone:

Answer 7

ossification

Question 8

Produce immature bony tissue that replaces cartilage:

Answer 8

osteoblast

Question 9

Nourishes and maintains bone:

Answer 9

osteocyte

Question 10

Reabsorb or digest bone (remodels bone):

Answer 10

osteoclast

Question 11

Name of the shaft of the bone:

Answer 11

diaphysis

Question 12

Name of the end of the bone:

Answer 12

epiphysis

Question 13

The cone-like flared portion between end and shaft:

Answer 13

metaphysis

Question 14

Growth plate where cartilage replaced by bone for bone (in length):

Answer 14

epiphyseal line or plate

Question 15

Which bone marrow is chiefly fat:

Answer 15

yellow marrow

Question 16

Rich with blood vessels and immature and mature blood cells in various stages of development; in later life replaced with yellow marrow; hematopoieses is the formation of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow:

Answer 16

red marrow

Question 17

Serves as attachments for muscles, tendons and ligaments:

Answer 17

processes

Question 18

Openings or hollow regions help join bones or serve as passageways for nerves and/or vessels:

Answer 18

depressions

Question 19

Located in facial and cranial bone lighten the skull and warm and moisten the air as it passes into the respiratory system.

Answer 19

air cavities

Question 20

Bones in the thorax:

Answer 20

clavicle, scapula, sternum, ribs.

Question 21

Bones in arm and hands:

Answer 21

humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.

Question 22

Bones in pelvis:

Answer 22

pelvic girdle, ilium, ischium, pubis.

Question 23

Bones of the face/facial bones:

Answer 23

lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal vomer, and zygomatic.

Question 24

Name of the soft spot between the skull bone of an infant:

Answer 24

fontanelle

Question 25

An incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent. This type occurs most often in children:

Answer 25

greenstick fracture

Question 26

A fracture in which the bone fragments into several pieces:

Answer 26

comminuted fracture

Question 27

An injury in which a broken bone pierces the skin, causing a risk of infection:

Answer 27

compound fracture

Question 28

A fracture in which one broken end is wedged into the other broken end:

Answer 28

impacted fracture

Question 29

A fracture of the distal radius in the forearm with dorsal (posterior) and radial displacement of the wrist and hand:

Answer 29

colles fracture

Question 30

A collapse of a vertebra:

Answer 30

compression fracture

Question 31

Coming together of two or more bones:

Answer 31

joint

Question 32

Joint that is immovable (ex: skull):

Answer 32

suture joints

Question 33

Joint that is freely movable (ex: hips and shoulder):

Answer 33

synovial joints

Question 34

Inflammation of any joint:

Answer 34

arthritis

Question 35

Joint problems: chronic progressive stiffening of joints, mostly spine:

Answer 35

akylosing spodylitis

Question 36

Joint problems: inflammation due to excess uric acid in body:

Answer 36

gouty arthritis

Question 37

Joint problems: loss of articular cartilage and formation of bone spurs at articular surfaces; can occur in any joint, but mainly in spine, hips, and knees of older people:

Answer 37

osteoarthritis (OA)

Question 38

Joint problems: autoimmune reaction against joint tissues (synovial membrane):

Answer 38

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Question 39

Joint problems: a fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or a tendon in the wrist:

Answer 39

ganglion

Question 40

Joint problems: abnormal protrusion of the disk into the neural canal or against spinal nerves; “slipped disk”:

Answer 40

herniation of an intervertebral disk

Question 41

Joint problems: recurrent arthritis, myalgia, malaise and neurologic and cardiac symptoms; often marked by a “bull’s eye” rash at the site of the tick bite:

Answer 41

lyme disease

Question 42

Movement away from midline of body:

Answer 42

abduction

Question 43

Movement toward midline of body:

Answer 43

adduction

Question 44

Backward (upward) bending of the foot:

Answer 44

dorisflexion

Question 45

Bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground:

Answer 45

plantar flexion

Question 46

Bending a limb; decreasing the angle between bones:

Answer 46

flexion

Question 47

Straightening of a flexed limb:

Answer 47

extension

Question 48

Turning the palm upward:

Answer 48

supination

Question 49

Turning the palm downward:

Answer 49

pronation