Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patient Care > Chapter 15: Pharmacology > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Pharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

Patient Care

Drugs arrive in the heart for what?

A

Systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Patient Care

Drugs are metabolized by what?

A

The liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Patient Care

What does CRL stand for?

A

Crown rump length

First trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Patient Care

What are three contrast agents?

A

Definity

Levovist

Sonovue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Patient Care

Word two reasons where we use contrast in the United States??

A

Left ventricular opacification
Endocardial border delineation

Both mean the same thing I want to brighten up the ventricle so I can see the heart walls better

Only contrasts approved by the FDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Patient Care

What is the definition for pharmacology?

A

The study of drug actions and drug interactions with living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Patient Care

What are three categories of pharmacology?

A

Drugs or medications

Biologics

Alternative therapies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Patient Care

What is the definition of drugs?

And what two responses do you get from drugs?

A

Chemical agent capable of producing biological responses and bodies

Desirable therapeutic or Undesirable adverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Patient Care

What is the definition of Biologics?

A

Agent naturally produced in animal cells, microorganisms, or by the body itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Patient Care

What are three types of Biologics?

A

Hormones

Natural body products

Vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Patient Care

What are alternate therapies?

A

(Can be considered unconventional)

Natural plant extracts
Herbs
Vitamins
Minerals
Dietary supplements
Therapeutic techniques

(These are not monitored by the FDA so you need to tell your doctor everything)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Patient Care

To administer drugs a health healthcare professional must do what?

A
  • Know safe dosage
  • Safe route of administration
  • Limitations of the drug administered
  • Side Effects
  • Potential adverse and toxic reactions
  • Indications and contradictions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Patient Care

What are some indications and contradictions?

A

Indications
• See left ventricle better

Contradictions
• If they have a perflutrin allergy
• Cardiac shunt or hole in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Patient Care

How do you activate definity with a viral mix?

A

Put vile into shake for 45 seconds until milky white

NKA means no known allergies

After shaking for 45 seconds you have to use the vile with in 24 hours if not you need to re-shake it for another 45 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patient Care

Drug standards and control

Laws that regulate drug protection and sale:

A

• Food and drug administration (FDA)
• Food, drug and cosmetic act
• Childhood vaccine act
• Prescription drug user fee act
• Dietary supplement health and education act
• FDA modernization act
(Drugs in the US have to be approved by the FDA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Patient Care

Over the counter drugs (OTC) are considered what?

A

These are considered safe for self administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Patient Care

What needs to be included in patient history

A

OTC drugs and alternative medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Patient Care

Alternative dietary and herbal supplements:

A
  • Not regulated by the FDA

* May cause adverse reaction with prescribed medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Patient Care

What is the definition of addiction?

A

Overwhelming feeling of physical need for a particular drug that must be met at all costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Patient Care

What does it mean to be dependent on a drug?

A

A physical or psychological need for a particular drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Patient Care

What happens if you are physically dependent on a drug?

A

If drug is not taken it can cause withdrawal symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Patient Care

What are three types of drug sources?

A
  • Natural (ex. Hormones) or synthetic (ex. Chemical) sources
  • Animal or plant sources
  • Microorganisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Patient Care

United States the main developer of the drug has exclusive rights for how many years?

A

17

• Then the generic brand of the drug will come out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Patient Care

No other company can produce the drug until the expiration date of how many years?

A

17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Patient Care

What is the chemical name of a drug?

A

Represent exact chemical formula and always remain the same

Rarely used in daily chemical practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Patient Care

What is the generic name of a drug?

A
  • It is the most often used name
  • Name given to drug before officially approved for use
  • Sign by United States adopted name counsel
  • Less complicated easier to remember
  • Used by FDA to describe drug
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Patient Care

Need to know

A drug does not change what?

A

Cellular structure

27
Q

Patient Care

What are four reasons for administration of a drug?

A
  • Diagnose disease conditions
  • Relieve undesired symptoms
  • Prevent disease
  • Cure disease
28
Q

Patient Care

Drug actions

What four things are done to the drug while in the body?

A

Absorbed by body, distributed in body, metabolized by body then excreted by body

29
Q

Patient Care

Need to know

What is the definition of peak concentration level?

A

Drug continues to be absorbed until it peaks

Once it peaks it will no longer be absorbed

30
Q

Patient Care

Need to know

What is the definition of maximum therapeutic response?

A

Time during which the drug attains the desired effect

(How long will it take to work)
(Time during which the drug is of the body in an amount large enough to be therapeutic is the duration of action)

31
Q

Patient Care

Need to know

Drugs must be in what form to be absorbed

A

Liquid

32
Q

Patient Care

Need to know

Solider tablet drugs must go through what phase?

A

Pharmaceutics

Solid form broken into tiny particles to be dissolved by the body

33
Q

Patient Care

Need to know

Enteric coating tablets go through pharmaceutic phase in the what?

A

The small intestine not the stomach

34
Q

Patient Care

Need to know

What is the definition of pharmacokinetics?

A

Processes that control absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs

35
Q

Patient Care

Drug interactions are specific to each person depending on what factors?

A

Age, nutritional status, ethnicity, physical condition, and means status, data mining, gender, weight, and environmental factors

36
Q

Patient Care

Need to know

What is the definition of bioavailable?

A

The amount of drug to actually reaches systemic circulation

37
Q

Patient Care

Pharmacokinetics

What is the definition of passive diffusion?

A

Needs no cellular energy (no ATP required to get drug through cell), the drug moves across cell membranes from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration than concentrations are equal transport is complete

38
Q

Patient Care

Need to know

Most drugs work and what type of diffusion?

A

Passive diffusion

39
Q

Patient Care

What is lipid solubility?

A

Most important factor for determining if the drug will cross cell membranes

40
Q

Patient Care

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

A

Vitamins A, D, E and K

So these are the vitamins that you can overdose on

41
Q

Patient Care

Which vitamin is water-soluble?

A

Vitamin C

So this vitamin just goes through the kidneys and are excreted through urine

42
Q

Patient Care

What information should you find out during patient assessment?

A

Past medical history, patient age, liver disease or renal disease
Prior anaphylactic reactions, LMT and possible pregnancy or nursing, aspirin sensitivity, diabetes mellitus, sickle cell, hypotension, pheochromocytoma, seizures, medication, seafood allergy, allergies

43
Q

Patient Care

We must be prepared to initiate rapid response or code blue team. What is the difference?

A

.

44
Q

Patient Care

Once the patient is injected with contrast, what is our role?

A

Monitor for normal response or reaction
make sure you know the location of the crash cart
In adverse reaction immediately stop IV and apply warm compresses to reduce pain and tissue damage.

45
Q

Patient Care

What are some side effects of the contract,?

A 
A Warm feeling
Nausea and vomiting
Headache
Injection site pain
Metallic taste
46
Q

Patient Care

If the side effects start to happen what can you do?

A

You can slow the rate of infusion

Observe patient closely and use therapeutic indication

47
Q

Patient Care

What are some mild adverse reactions?

A

Nausea and vomiting, cough, feeling of warmth, headache, dizziness, shaking, itching, pallor

48
Q

Patient Care

What can you do when these mild adverse reactions take place?

A

Notify radiologist or RN
Stay with patient and use therapeutic communication
Assist in administration of anti-histamine or subcutaneous epinephrine

49
Q

Patient Care

What are the symptoms of the severe anaphylactic reaction?

A 
Dyspnea due to laryngeal edema
Hypotension
Seizures
Cardiac arrhythmia
Lack of response
Cardiac arrest
50
Q

Patient Care

What would you do if your patient was having severe anaphylactic reaction?

A

Call code blue
Notify radiologist and RN
Prepare to use AED /do
Be Prepared to administer oxygen and intravenous medication

51
Q

Patient Care

Anaphylactic reactions can also be from iodinated contrast agents, What is Our role?

A

Never leave patient alone
Reaction may occur quickly and without warning even with normal prior administration
Can occur after patient leaves the hospital.

52
Q

Patient Care

A patient can have an anaphylactic reaction once they leave the hospital so explain to patient that if the following occur return to the hospital immediately:

A 
Fever
Joint pain
Malaise
Urticaria, which is hives
Difficulty breathing
Swollen lymph nodes
53
Q

Patient Care

Under universal precautions you should never administer a drug with out what?

A

The physicians order

54
Q

Patient Care

Under universal precautions what should you do if you are not familiar with the drug?

A

Consult pharmacist or reliable source

55
Q

Patient Care

Under universal precautions what are five rights of drug administration?

A 
Right patient
Right drug
Right Dose
Right route
Right time
56
Q

Patient Care

What are some key points of universal precautions?

A

Read all drug labels, double check name, strength and dosage
It’s drug appears cloudy get pharmacist to approve first
Know expiration date
Do not use If expiration date is unmarked
Do not combine two drugs in a syringe without pharmacist approval
Ask patient to verify name and birthdate and any allergies

57
Q

Patient Care

What is Florida hospital’s policy regarding administration of drugs under universal precautions?

A

That no one can take patient from room if administered IV narcotics like morphine or dilaudid within the past 30 minutes. Perform exam portable or wait 30 minutes.

58
Q

Patient Care

What are the guidelines for medication orders?

A

Only physicians, nurse practitioners, physician’s assistants, and pharmacist may order or dispense drugs

59
Q

Patient Care

Medication errors are?

A

You are legally liable
Medication is strictly controlled and locked up
Error toward first reaction must be included in the patient’s chart
Incident reports are also required by the hospital, even if wrong dose, etc., almost occurred but did not, then do incident report as “a near miss”

60
Q

Patient Care

What are the three routes of drug administration?

A

Enteral
Parenteral
Topical

61
Q

Patient Care

What does enteral route mean?

A

Oral or by mouth, abbreviated PO: most efficient and cost-effective method; can be used only if not destroyed by gastric secretions

62
Q

Patient Care

What are the different ways to administer a drug through the enteral route?

A

Sublingual
Buccal
Rectal

63
Q

Patient Care

What are two things you must Do when giving a drug to a patient through the enteral route?

A

Never leave the drug by patient to take later

You must observe the patient taking the drug prior to your leaving

64
Q

Patient Care

Drug administration of the enteral route?

A

Do not crush enteric-coated tablets, they can become gastric irritant or have decreased effectiveness
Sublingual drug - is placed under the time until dissolved
Nothing to eat or drink until it dissolves cannot be swallowed or chewed
Buccal route-place against inside cheek until it dissolves
Administer rectally if patient is unable to retain oral drugs, difficult to get determine correct dosage as absorption is erratic

65
Q

Patient Care

How is topical route drugs administered?

A

Directly to skin, eyes, nose, throat

Administered respiratory mucosa via inhalation

Patient Care (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions