Chapter 15 Parenterals

Question 1

Refers to injectable routes of administration

Answer 1

Parenteral

Question 2

Bacterial endotoxins. Organic metabolic products shed from gram negative bacteria, which can cause fever and hypotension when patients are on excessive amount of intravenous injections.

Answer 2

Pyrogens

Question 3

Used to when rapid drug action is desired as in;
Emergencies
Uncooperative patient
Unconscious patient
Unable to accept oral medication
Drug itself is ineffective by other routes

Answer 3

Parenteral routes

Question 4

Commonly administered by diabetics

Answer 4

Insulin injection

Question 5

Earliest injectable drug to receive official recognition which appeared first in the 1874 addendum to the 1876 British pharmacopeia
1888 in the first addition of the national formulary of US

Answer 5

Hypodermic morphine solution

Question 6

Drugs injected into joints

Answer 6

Intra-articular

Question 7

Drugs injected to the joint fluid area

Answer 7

Intrasynovial

Question 8

Drugs injected into the spinal column

Answer 8

Intraspinal

Question 9

Drugs injected into the spinal fluid

Answer 9

Intrathecal

Question 10

Drugs injected into the arteries

Answer 10

Intra-arterial

Question 11

Drugs injected to the heart

Answer 11

Intracardiac

Question 12

Drugs injected into the veins

Answer 12

Intravenous

Question 13

Drugs injected into the muscles

Answer 13

Intramuscular

Question 14

Drugs injected into the skin

Answer 14

Intradermal or intracutaneous

Question 15

Drug injected under the skin

Answer 15

Subcutaneous or hypodermic

Question 16

Scientific origin of this is in the 1656 experiment of Sir Christopher Wren

Answer 16

Intravenous route

Question 17

He is the architect of Saint Paul’s Cathedral and amateur physiologist. He use the bladder and quill for a syringe and needle. He injected, wine, opium, and other substances into the veins of dogs and studied their effects.

Answer 17

Sir Christopher Wren

Question 18

He was the first to give intravenous medication to humans in 1662
But it was abandoned for a period because patient experienced thrombosis and embolism.

Answer 18

Johan Daniel Major of Kiel

Question 19

The period in which the invention of hypodermic created new interest in intravenous techniques

Answer 19

Middle of 19th century

Question 20

The period in which intravenous administration of solutions of sodium chloride and glucose became popular

Answer 20

20th century

Question 21

These conditions may be induced by intravenous needles and catheters

Answer 21

Thrombus and embolus formation

Question 22

They provide rapid action compared with other routes of administration.
Optimum blood levels may be achieved with accuracy and immediacy, not possible by other routes.

Answer 22

Intravenous drugs

Question 23

In emergency situations, this may be a lifesaver. The drug placement is directly into the circulation and the prompt action that ensues.
Once drug is administered this way, it cannot be retrieved.

Answer 23

Intravenous administration

Question 24

Best peripheral veins for venipuncture

Answer 24

Basilic and cephalic veins