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Medical Terminology II > chapter 15 - Muscles and Tendons,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitaton ( RM&R) > Flashcards

chapter 15 - Muscles and Tendons,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitaton ( RM&R) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

atrophy

A

A- = without
- trophy = nourishment

The wasting away or diminished volume of tissue, an organ, or a body part

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2
Q

Contract

A

Con- = with , together
-tract = draw

Draw together our contract

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3
Q

Fascia

A

Latin a band

Sheet of fibrous connective tissue

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4
Q

Fascicle

A

Latin small bundle

Bundle of muscle fibers

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5
Q

Fiber

A

Latin fiber

A strand of filament

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6
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Hyper- = excessive
-trophy = nourishment

Increase in size, but not in number, of an individual tissue element

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7
Q

Insert (verb)

Insertion

A

Latin to join

-ion = action, condition
Insert- = put together

The insertion of a muscle is the attachment of a muscle to a movable part of the skeleton

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8
Q

Origin

A

Latin source of

Fixed source of a muscle at its attachment to the bone

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9
Q

Paristalsis

A

Peri - around
-stalsis = constrict

Waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of the alimentary canal wall to move food along the digestive tract

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10
Q

Striated muscle

Striation

A

Striated Latin stripe
Muscle latin muscle

Another term of skeletal
-ion action, condition
Striat- = stripe

Stripes

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11
Q

Infraspinatus

A
  • us = pertaining to
    Infra- = below, beneath
    -spinat- =having spines

Pertaining to beneath the spine (of the scapula)

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12
Q

Rotator cuff

A

-or = one who does
Rotat- rotate
Cuff Old English band

Part of the capsule of the shoulder joint

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13
Q

Subscapularis

A

-is pertaining to
Sub- below
-scapular- scapula

Pertaining to below the scapula

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14
Q

Supraspinatus

A

-us pertaining to
Supra- above
-spinat- having spines

Pertaining to above the spine (of the scapula)

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15
Q

Teresa major

A

Teresa Latin long and round
Major Latin large

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16
Q

Biceps brachii

A

-ceps head
Bi- two
Branch/I of the arm

A muscle of the arm that has two heads or points of origin on the scapula

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17
Q

Branchialis

A

-alis pertaining to
Brachi- arm

Muscle that lies underneath the biceps and is the strongest flexor of the forearm

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18
Q

Bronchioradialis

A

-alis pertaining to
Brachi/i- arm
-radi- radius

Muscle that helps flex the foreatm

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19
Q

Deltoid

A

Delt‐ = triangle
-oid = resembling
Large,fan-shaped muscle connecting the scapula and clavicle to the humerus

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20
Q

Dorsum

Dorsal (adj)

A

Latin back
Dors- = back
-al = pertaining to
Dorsum - The back of any part of the body, including the hand
Dorsal - pertaining to the back of any part of the body

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21
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Latiss- = wide
-imus = most
dori = of the back
The widest (broadest) muscle in the back

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22
Q

Retinaculum

A

Retinacul- = hold back
-um = structure
Fibrous ligament that keeps the tendons in place on the wrist so that they do not “bowstring” when the forearm muscles contract

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23
Q

Thenar eminence

Hypothenar

A

Thenar = palm
The fleshly mass at the base of the thumb
eminence = Latin stand out
Hypo - = below, smaller
The fleshly mass at the base of the little finger

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24
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Tri- = three
-ceps = head
Brach/I = of the arm
Muscles of the arm that has three heads or points of origin

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25
Q

Abductor

Adduction

A

Ad- = toward
-duct = lead
- or that which does something
Muscles that moves the thigh towards the midline
-ion = action , condition
Action of moving toward the midline

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26
Q

Calcaneus

Calcaneal tendon
(Same as Achilles tendon)

Achilles

A

Latin the heel
Calcane- = calcaneus
The heel bone
-al = pertaining to
Tendon = Latin sinew
The tendon of the heel formed from gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and inserted into the calcaneous
Achilles
Mythical greek warrior

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27
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Gastrocnem- cell of leg
-ius = pertaining to
Major muscle in back of the lower leg (the calf)

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28
Q

Gluteus
Gluteal (adj)

Maximus
Medius
Minimus

A

Greek buttocks

Glut- = buttocks
-eal = pertaining to
Refers to one of the three muscles in the buttocks

Latin the biggest - Maximus
The gluteus Maximus muscle is the largest muscle in the body covering a large part of each buttock
Latin middle. - medius
The gluteus medius muscle is partly covered by the glutus Maximus
Latin smallest - minimus
The gluteus minimus is the smallest of the gluteal muscles and lies under the gluteus medius

29
Q

Popliteal fossa

A

Poplit/e- ham, back of knee
-al pertaining to
Fossa = Latin trench, ditch
The hollow at the back of the knee

30
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Quadri- = four
-ceps = head
Femor- = femur
-is = belonging to, pertaining to
An anterior thigh muscle with four heads (origins)

31
Q

Cyst

A

Greek fluid-filled sac
An abnormal, fluid-containing sac

32
Q

Duchesne muscular dystrophy

A

Muscul- =muscular
-ar = pertaining to

Dys- = bad,difficult
-trophy = nourishment

A condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic,shoulder, and proximal limb muscles

33
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Fibr/o- = fiber
-my- = muscle
-algja = pain

Pain in the muscle fibers

34
Q

Ganglion

A

Greek swelling
Fluid-containing swelling attached to the synovial sheath of a tendon

35
Q

Neurotransmitter (transmitter is a word in itself and begins with a prefix )

A

Neur/o - = nerve
-trans- =across
-mitt- = to send
-er = agent

Chemical agent that relays messages from one nerve cell to the next

36
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Rhabd/o- = rod shaped
-my/o- = muscle
-lysis = destruction

Destruction of muscle to produce myoglobin

37
Q

Stenosis

A

Sten/o- = narrow
-sis = abnormal condition

Narrowing of a passage

38
Q

Strain

A

Latin to bind
Overstretch or tear in a muscle or tendon

39
Q

Sprain

A

Old English- tear
A stretching or tearing of ligaments

40
Q

Tendon

Tendinitis or tendonitis

A

Latin = sinew
Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone
Tendin- =tendon
-itis = inflammation
Inflammation of a tendon

41
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Ten/o- =tendon
-synov- = synovial membrane
-itis = inflammation

Inflammation of a tendon and its surrounding synovial membrane

42
Q

Antibody

A

Anti- = against
-body = substance

Protein produced in response to an antigen

43
Q

Biopsy

A

Bi- = life
-opsy =to view
Removal of a tissue from a living person for laboratory examination

44
Q

Creatine kinase

A

Creat- = flesh
-ine = pertaining to
Kin- = motion
-ase = enzyme

Enzymes elevated in the plasma following heart muscle damage

45
Q

Electrode

A

Electr- = electricity
-ode = way,road
A device for conducting electricity

46
Q

Electromyography

A

Electr/o- = electricity
-my/o- muscle
-graphy = process of recording

Recording of electrical activity in a muscle

47
Q

Enzyme

A

En- = in
-zyme =fermenting
Protein that includes change in other substances

48
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

Erythr/o- red
-cyte= cell
Sediment - = settling
-ation = process
Latin according to a fixed part

The speed at which red blood cells sink from drawn blood

49
Q

Inflammation

A

In- = in
-flamm- = flame
-ation = process
A basic complex of reactions in blood vessles and adjacent tissues in response to injury or abnormal stimulation

50
Q

Ultrasonography

A

Ultra- = beyond
-son/o- sound
-graphy = process of recording

Delineation of deep structures using sound waves

51
Q

Anabolic steroid

A

Anabol- to raise up
-ic = pertaining to
Ster- = solid
-old = resembling

Prescription drug used by athletes to increase muscle mass

52
Q

Analgesia

Analgesic

A

An- = without
-alges- = against
-ia = condition
State in which pain is reduced

-ic = pertaining to
Agent that produces analgesia

53
Q

Antipyretic

A

Anti- = against
-pyret- = fever
-ic = pertaining to

Agent that reduces fever

54
Q

Cytokine

A

Cyt/o- = cell
-kine = movement

A hormone like protein that regulates the intensity of an immune response

55
Q

Ingredient

A

In- = in,into
-gredi- = to go
-ent = end result,ertaining to
An element in a mixture

56
Q

Metabolism

Metabolite

A

Metabol- = change
-ism = condition
The constantly changing physical and chemical processes in the cell

-ite = associated with
Any product of metabolism

57
Q

Ultrasound

A

Ultra- = higher
-sound = noise
Very high-frequency sound waves

58
Q

Occupational therapy

A

Occupation- = work
-al = pertaining to
Therapy
Greek medical treatment
Use of work and recreational activities to increase independent function

59
Q

Orthotic

Orthotist

A

Orthot- = correct
-ic = pertaining to
Orthopedic appliance to correct an abnormality
-ist = specialist
Specialist who makes and fits Orthopedic appliances

60
Q

Physiatry

Physiatrist

A

Phys- = body
-iatry = treatment, field of medicine
Physical medicine

-iatry- = treatment
-ist = specialist
Specialist in physical medicine

61
Q

Physical medicine

A

Physic- = body
-al = pertaining to
Medic- = medicine
-ine = pertaining to, substance
Diagnosis and treatment by means of remedial agents, such as exercises, manipulation, heat

62
Q

Physical therapy (physiotherapy)

Physiotherapy (syn)

A

Physic- = body
-al = pertaining to
Therapy
Greek medical treatment
Use of remedial processes to overcome physical defect
Physi/o- = therapy
-therapy = treatment
Another term for physical therapy

63
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Re- = again
-habilitat- = restore
-ion = action,condition
Therapeutic restoration of an ability to function as before

64
Q

Therapy

Therapist

Therapeutic (adj)

A

Greek medical treatment
Systemic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder

Therap- = treatment
-ist = specialist
Professional trained in the practice of a particular therapy

Theraput- = treatment
-ic = pertaining to
Relating to the treatment of a disease or disorder

65
Q

Amputation

A

Amput- = prune
-ation = process
Removal of a limb,part of a limb or other projecting body part

66
Q

Contracture

A

Contract- = pull together
-ure = result of
Mucked shortening due to spasm or fibrosis

67
Q

Prosthesis

A

Greek in addition
An artificial part to remedy a defect in the body

68
Q

Restorative
REHABILITATION

A

Restor- = renew
-ative = quality of

Re- = begin again

68
Q

Restorative
REHABILITATION

A

Restor- = renew
-ative = quality of
Therapy that promotes the renewal of health and strength
Re- = begin again
-habilitat = restore
-ion = action,process

Medical Terminology II (1 decks)

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