Chapter 15. Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design Flashcards
he set of metabolic reactions that transform fuels into cellular energy.
Catabolism
Organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of foodstuffs. See also phototrophs.
Chemotroph
the set of metabolic reactions that require energy to syntheize molecules from simpler precursors.
Anabolism
A nucleotide consisting of adenine, ribose, and triphosphate units that serves as the cellular energy currency.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
reactions that involve rearrangements of particular atoms within a molecule.
Isomerization reaction
organisms that can meet their energy needs by converting light energy into chemical energy.
Phototroph
reactions that form bonds using the energy of ATP hydrolysis.
Ligation reaction
reactions in which a chemical group is transferred from one molecule to another.
Group-transfer reaction
small molecules which carry activated functional groups that can be donated to other molecules; for instance, ATP carries activated phosphate and CoA carries activated acyl groups.
Activated carrier
reactions in which bonds are cleaved by the addition of water.
Hydrolytic reaction
a reaction that involves that addition of function groups to double bonds or the removal of groups from a molecule to form a double bond.
Addition to or formation of double-bond reaction
a means of determining the energy status of the cell, equal to the ratio of the concentration of ATP plus 1/2 the concentration of ADP, all divided by the total adenine nucleotide concentration.
Energy charge
A pathway that can be either anabolic or catabolic, depending on the energy conditions in the cell.
amphibolic pathway
Enzymes that cleave carbon bonds by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation, with two substrates yielding one product or vice versa.
lyases
a highly integrated network of chemical pathways that enables a cell to extract energy from the environment and use this energy for biosynthetic purposes.
Metabolism or intermediary metabolism
