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Health Science > Chapter 15 - Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Key Terms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which attacks the immune system destroying the body’s ability to fight infections

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrom (AIDS)

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2
Q

requiring oxygen to live and grow

A

aerobic

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3
Q

methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei

A

airborne precautions

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4
Q

not requiring oxygen to live and grow; able to thrive in the absense of oxygen

A

anaerobic

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5
Q

aseptic control that inhibits, retards growth f, or kills pathogenic organisms; not effective against spores and viruses

A

antisepsis

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6
Q

being free from infection

A

asepsis

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7
Q

piece if equipment used to sterilize articles by way of steam under pressure and/or dry heat

A

autoclave

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8
Q

one-celled microorganisms, some of which are beneficial and some of which cause disease

A

bacteria

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9
Q

the use of biological agents, such as pathogens, for terrorist purposes

A

bioterrorism

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10
Q

the cleaning process employed in an ultrasonic unit; bubbles explode onto article being cleaned

A

cavitation

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11
Q

factors that lead to the transmission or spread of disease

A

chain of infection

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12
Q

chemicals used for aseptic control

A

chemical disinfection

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13
Q

free from organisms causing disease

A

clean

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14
Q

a disease that is transmitted from one individual to another

A

communicable disease

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15
Q

methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with epidemiological microorganisms that can be transmitted by either direct or indirect contact

A

contact precautions

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16
Q

containing infection or infectious organisms or germs

A

contaminated

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17
Q

aseptic-control method that destroys pathogens but does not usually kill spores and viruses

A

disinfection

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18
Q

methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing

A

droplet precautions

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19
Q

a filovirus that causes hemorrhagic fever disease

A

ebola

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20
Q

infection or disease originating within the body

A

endogenous

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21
Q

an infectious disease that affects a large number of people within a population, community, or region at the same time

A

epidemic

22
Q

infection or disease originating outside of or external to the body

A

exogenous

23
Q

substances or objects that adheres to and transmits infectious material

A

fomites

24
Q

a group of simple, plantlike animals that live on dad organic matter (mold, yeast)

A

fungi

25
Q

an infction acquired by an individual in a health care facility such as a hospital or long-term care facility

A

health care associated infection (HAI)

26
Q

a parasitic worm (tapeworm, leech)

A

helminths

27
Q

a virus cause by the OBV virus and is transmitted by blood, serum, and other body secretions; affects the liver and can lead to the destruction and scarring of liver cells; also called serum hepatitis

A

hepatitis B

28
Q

a virus caused by the hepatitis C virus, or HCV; transmitted by blood and blood-containing body fluids; any individuals who cotract the disease are asymptomatic; others have mild symptoms that are often diagnosed as influenza or flu; can cause serious liver damage that may result in death

A

hepatitis C

29
Q

a pathogen, such as bacterium or virus that can cause a disease

A

infectious agent

30
Q

small, living plant or animal not visible to the naked eye; a microbe

A

microorganism

31
Q

a way that the infectious agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host where it can live

A

mode of transmission

32
Q

microorganisms that are not capable of causing disease

A

nonpathogens

33
Q

characterizes infections that occur when the body’s defenses are weak

A

opportunistic

34
Q

an infectious disease that affects many people over a wide geographic area; a world-wide epidemic

A

pandemic

35
Q

organism that lives on or within another living organism

A

parasite

36
Q

disease-producing organisms

A

pathogens

37
Q

protective barriers such as a mask, gloves, and protective eyeware that helps a person from contact with infectious material

A

personal protective equipment (PPE)

38
Q

a way for the infectious agent to enter a new reservoir or host

A

portal of entry

39
Q

a way for the infectious agent to enter a new reservoir in which it has been growing

A

portal of exit

40
Q

the practices used for protecting vulnerable persons for contracting an infection

A

protection (reverse) isolation

41
Q

microscopic, one-celled animals often found in decayed materials and contaminated water

A

protozoa

42
Q

an area where the infectious agent can live

A

reservoir

43
Q

parasitic microorganisms that live on other living organisms

A

rickettsiae

44
Q

recommendations that must be followed to prevent transmission of pathogenic organisms by way of blood and body fluids

A

standard precautions

45
Q

free of all organisms, including spores and viruses

A

sterile

46
Q

an area that is set up for certain procedures and is free from all organisms

A

sterile field

47
Q

process that results in total destruction of all microorganisms; also, a surgical procedure that prevents conception of a child

A

sterilization

48
Q

a person likely to get an infection or disease, usually because body defenses are weak

A

susceptible host

49
Q

methods or techniques of caring for patients who have communicable diseases

A

transmission-based precautions

50
Q

pieces of equipment that clean using sound waves

A

ultrasonic units

51
Q

smallest microorganisms; cannot reproduce unless they’re inside another cell

A

viruses

Health Science (1 decks)

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