Chapter 15: Greece, Rome, and the Early Judeo-Christian World

Question 1

hellenism

Answer 1

the culture, thought and ethical system of ancient Greece

Question 2

classical art

Answer 2

art of the Greek Classical period, spanning roughly 480-400 BCE (also known as Hellenic art)

Question 3

humanism

Answer 3

a system of belief in which humankind is viewed as the standard by which all things are measured

Question 4

rationalism

Answer 4

the belief that ethical conduct is determined by reason
- without the aid of senses

Question 5

naturalism

Answer 5

truth or reality based on keen observation of nature

Question 6

idealism

Answer 6

the representation of forms according to a concept of perfection

Question 7

geometric period

Answer 7

a period in Greek art from about 900 to 700 BCE during which works of art emphasized geometric patterns

Question 8

Archaic period

Answer 8

a period of Greek art dating roughly 660-480 BCE; before the Classical period

Question 9

kouros figures

Answer 9

the male figure as represented in the sculpture of the geometric and Archaic styles

Question 10

3 styles in Greek architecture

Answer 10

1- Doric
2- Ionic
3- Corinthian

Question 11

doric

Answer 11

the earliest and simplest of the Greek architectural styles, consisting of relatively short, squat columns, sometimes unfluted, and a simple, square-shaped capital

Question 12

ionic

Answer 12

a moderately ornate Greek architectural style introduced from Asia Minor and characterized by spiral scrolls on capitals and a continuous frieze

Question 13

stylobate

Answer 13

a continuous base or platform that supports a row of columns

Question 14

capital

Answer 14

in architecture, the area at the top of the shaft of a column provides a solid base for the horizontal elements above

Question 15

entablature

Answer 15

in architecture, a horizontal structure supported by columns, which, in turn, supports any other element, such as a pediment, that is placed above

Question 16

architrave

Answer 16

in architecture, the lower part of an entablature, which may consist of one or more horizontal bands

Question 17

frieze

Answer 17

in architecture, a horizontal band between the architrave and the cornice that is often decorated with sculpture

Question 18

triglyphs

Answer 18

in architecture, a panel incised with vertical grooves that divide the scenes in a Doric frieze

Question 19

metopes

Answer 19

in architecture, the panels containing relief sculpture that appear between the triglyphs of the Doric frieze

Question 20

raking cornice

Answer 20

a cornice that follows the slop of a pediment or a gable

Question 21

pediment

Answer 21

in architecture, any triangular shape surrounded by cornices, especially one that surmounts the entablature of the portico facade of Greek temple

Question 22

two important things Romans used in architecture

Answer 22

1- concrete
2- arches

Question 23

republican period

Answer 23

The Roman period lasted from the victories over the Etruscans to the death of Julius Caesar (527- 509 BCE)

Question 24

Empire period

Answer 24

the Roman period from about 27 BCE to 395 CE when the empire was divided

Question 25

coffered

Answer 25

a decorative sunken panel

Question 26

oculus

Answer 26

in architecture, a round window, particularly one ;laced at the apex of a dome