chapter 15 exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

mechanical valves vs biological/tissue valves

A

mechanical valve: advantage is durability, major disadvantage is need for anticoagulation

bioprosthetic valve: advantage is that they don’t require anticoagulation, however they are less durable, meaning there will be a need for reoperation

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2
Q

manifestations of valvular disorders

A

stenosis: (increased afterload), occurs when the opening of the valve is narrowed, and the forward flow of blood through the valve is reduced; decreased cardiac output

regurgitation: (increased preload), occurs when valves do not close completely and blood flow backward through the valve

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3
Q

general nursing management post valvular surgeries

A

focus on hemodynamic stabilization: augmenting preload, reducing afterload, and enhancing contractility, recognizing that the heart is adjusting to improved function. patients are at risk for postoperative complications including thromboembolism, bleeding, IE, arrhythmias, structural deterioration, and hemolytic anemia

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4
Q

risk factors, manifestations, complications, and treatment for rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease

A

systemic inflammatory condition caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GAS)

early symptoms: acute febrile illness accompanied by a sore throat and swollen glands
2-4 weeks later: polyarthritis, carditis, valvulitis, chorea, and subq nodules and erythema marginatum develop
murmurs caused by stenosis or regurgitation
HF and symptoms develop overtime

long term antibiotic prophylaxis against strep is indicated in cases of known RF. annual cardiac evals for those who have recovered.

diagnosis typically confirmed by an echo

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5
Q

nursing management/treatment of cardiomyopathies

A
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6
Q

risk factors, manifestations, complications, and management/treatment for endocarditis

A

risk factors: pre-existing heart disease, structural abnormality, valvular changes, central lines and longterm indwelling catheters

manifestations: symptoms often vague and insidious. fever over 100.4 F is the most common symptom. can be associated with chills, anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, myalgias, arthralgias, and night sweats. murmur develops in most patients.

treatment focuses on eliminating the infection and preventing complications. antibiotic therapy (6 weeks or more). nursing management includes prevention of the complications of long term iv therapy

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7
Q

risk factors, manifestations, complications, and management/treatment for myocarditis

A
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8
Q

risk factors, manifestations, complications, and management/treatment for pericarditis

A
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