chapter 15 exam 3 Flashcards
mechanical valves vs biological/tissue valves
mechanical valve: advantage is durability, major disadvantage is need for anticoagulation
bioprosthetic valve: advantage is that they don’t require anticoagulation, however they are less durable, meaning there will be a need for reoperation
manifestations of valvular disorders
stenosis: (increased afterload), occurs when the opening of the valve is narrowed, and the forward flow of blood through the valve is reduced; decreased cardiac output
regurgitation: (increased preload), occurs when valves do not close completely and blood flow backward through the valve
general nursing management post valvular surgeries
focus on hemodynamic stabilization: augmenting preload, reducing afterload, and enhancing contractility, recognizing that the heart is adjusting to improved function. patients are at risk for postoperative complications including thromboembolism, bleeding, IE, arrhythmias, structural deterioration, and hemolytic anemia
risk factors, manifestations, complications, and treatment for rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease
systemic inflammatory condition caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GAS)
early symptoms: acute febrile illness accompanied by a sore throat and swollen glands
2-4 weeks later: polyarthritis, carditis, valvulitis, chorea, and subq nodules and erythema marginatum develop
murmurs caused by stenosis or regurgitation
HF and symptoms develop overtime
long term antibiotic prophylaxis against strep is indicated in cases of known RF. annual cardiac evals for those who have recovered.
diagnosis typically confirmed by an echo
nursing management/treatment of cardiomyopathies
risk factors, manifestations, complications, and management/treatment for endocarditis
risk factors: pre-existing heart disease, structural abnormality, valvular changes, central lines and longterm indwelling catheters
manifestations: symptoms often vague and insidious. fever over 100.4 F is the most common symptom. can be associated with chills, anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, myalgias, arthralgias, and night sweats. murmur develops in most patients.
treatment focuses on eliminating the infection and preventing complications. antibiotic therapy (6 weeks or more). nursing management includes prevention of the complications of long term iv therapy
risk factors, manifestations, complications, and management/treatment for myocarditis
risk factors, manifestations, complications, and management/treatment for pericarditis