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Biology 30 > Chapter 15 - Endocrine system > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Endocrine system Flashcards

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1
Q

What temperature does the human body work best at?

A

37’C

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2
Q

Your body attempts to do Homeostasis, why?

A

To keep your body balanced, and to be able to adjust to the environment.

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3
Q

Endocrinology is closely connect to the nervous system, what is endocrinology?

A

The study of hormones

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4
Q

Nervous system has ______ changes in the body.

A

Fast

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5
Q

The endocrine system is designed to maintain control over _____ durations.

A

Long

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6
Q

Hormones ________ affects all cells. Explain.

A

Do not
Hormones travel throughout the whole body and when they pass the pancreas or the adrenal gland etc., or whatever gland it is looking for it activates.

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7
Q

Hormones are made of?

A

Protein

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8
Q

Hormones are produced in the?

A

Glands

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9
Q

A _____ amount of a hormone is required to alter a cell.

A

Small

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10
Q

Hormones travel in the______?

A

Circulatory system (by the blood)

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11
Q

Secrete means?

A

To release

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12
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

Glands that secrete their hormones into the bloodstream. (Stays inside the body)

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13
Q

Where are endocrine glands located?

A

Throughout the body

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14
Q

Where is the pituitary gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

Middle of the head

Endocrine

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15
Q

Where is the Thyroid gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

Base of the neck

Endocrine

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16
Q

What shape is the thyroid gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

Like a butterfly

Endocrine

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17
Q

Where is the parathyroid gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

On the thyroid

Endocrine

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18
Q

Where is the adrenal gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

On top of the kidneys

Endocrine

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19
Q

Where is the Pancreas gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

Left side under stomach

Endocrine

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20
Q

Where is the ovaries gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

Lower abdomen - gonad

Endocrine

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21
Q

Where is the testes gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

In the scrotum - gonad

Endocrine

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22
Q

Where is the hypothalamus gland?

Is it an endo or exocrine gland?

A

Above the pituitary

Endocrine

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23
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

Glands that secrete substances anywhere else other than the bloodstream

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24
Q

What are some examples of an exocrine gland?

A

Sweat glands, Saliva glands, Pancreas (does both)

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25
Q

What is the master gland?

A

The pituitary gland

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26
Q

Why is the pituitary gland the master gland?

A

Because it exercises control over the other endocrine glands

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27
Q

What size is the pituitary gland?

A

About the size of a peanut

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28
Q

The pituitary gland is connected to the ________ which is _________.

A

Hypothalamus, near the base of the brain

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29
Q

The pituitary gland both _________ and ________ hormones.

A

Produces, stores

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30
Q

The pituitary gland consists of ______ lobe, these lobes are the ________ and the ________.

A

Two, Anterior Pituitary, Posterior Pituitary

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31
Q

HGH -
Full name?
Anterior or Posterior?
Purpose?

A

Human growth hormone
Anterior pituitary
Bone and muscle growth

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32
Q

TSH -
Full name?
Anterior or Posterior?
Purpose?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone
Anterior pituitary
Metabolism

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33
Q

ACTH -
Full name?
Anterior or Posterior?
Purpose?

A

Adrenalcorticotropic hormone
Anterior pituitary
Adrenalin

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34
Q

FSH -
Full name?
Anterior or Posterior?
Purpose?

A

Follicule stimulating hormone
Anterior pituitary
Sperm production, egg maturing

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35
Q

LH -
Full name?
Anterior or Posterior?
Purpose?

A

Leutenizing hormone
Anterior pituitary
Testosterone, ovulation

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36
Q

Prolactin -
Full name?
Anterior or Posterior?
Purpose?

A

Prolactin
Anterior pituitary
Produces milk

37
Q

The anterior pituitary gland is at the _____ while the posterior pituitary is at the _____.

A

Front, back

38
Q

Posterior pituitary secretes but does not produce ______ and _______.

A

ADH, Oxytocin

39
Q

ADH -
Full name?
Anterior or Posterior?
Purpose?

A

Antidiuretic hormone
Posterior pituitary
Retains water, targets kidneys

40
Q

Oxytocin -
Full name?
Anterior or Posterior?
Purpose?

A

Oxytocin
Posterior pituitary
Milk let down, uterine contractions

41
Q

4 ways of inducing labor

A
  1. Natural - trampoline
  2. The drip - Oxytocin in a IV
  3. Gel on the cervix - Oxytocin gel
  4. Break water - Crochet hook type needle rupture sac
42
Q

How is the Growth hormone produced? And what does it promote?

A

By the anterior pituitary, and the elongation of the skeleton.

43
Q

When the body ages, ______ is replaced by ______.

A

Protein, fat

44
Q

HGH can also breakdown ______, increasing ________ levels in the body. This is often used as a _______ for the body when sugars are ______.

A

Fats, fatty acid, fuel source, low

45
Q

Why is baby fat lost in growth spurts?

A

Because HGH breaks down fats, using it as a fuel source.

46
Q

What is hyper secretion?

A

When too much HGH is released.

47
Q

What is gigantism?

A

(Ginormous) When the growth plates do not fuse together.

48
Q

What is Acromegaly?

A

(Not always giant sized) The growth plates are fused, they have really heavy brow and facial bones, and big hands.

49
Q

What is hypo secretion?

A

When too little HGH is released.

50
Q

What are some examples of hypo secretion?

A

Frolics, dwarfism, primordial dwarfism.

51
Q

The thyroid gland produces and releases what?

A

Thyroxine and calcitonin

52
Q

What does thyroxine do, and where does it come from?

A

It increases a person’s metabolic rate. It comes from the thyroid gland.

53
Q

Which hormone is released from the pituitary to stimulate the thyroid to release thyroxin into the blood?

A

TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone.

54
Q

What does calcitonin do, and where does it come from?

A

It helps regulates the amount of calcium in the blood( lets calcium into the cells, decreasing blood calcium). It comes from the thyroid.

55
Q

What are three different thyroid disorders?

A
  1. A goiter 2. Hyperthyroidism 3. Hypothyroidism
56
Q

What happens when a person has hyperthyroidism (6 things), and what area causes this?

A
  • Metabolism speeds up
  • Weigh less
  • Larger appetite
  • Increased body temperature (sweating)
  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased breathing.
    The thyroid gland.
57
Q

What happens when a person has hypothyroidism (6 things), and what area causes this?

A
  • Metabolism slows down
  • Weight gain
  • Little appetite
  • Low body temperature
  • Lower heart rate
  • Slower breathing
    The thyroid gland
58
Q

What does the parathyroid gland release?

A

PTH - parathyroid hormone

59
Q

What does PTH inhibit?

A

The release of calcitonin from the thyroid.

60
Q

PTH _________ blood calcium.

A

Increases

61
Q

PTH and calcitonin are _______?

A

Antagonistic

62
Q

The pancreas is both an _______ and an _________ gland.

A

Exocrine, endocrine

63
Q

The pancreas produces _________ in the digestive tract and hormone that regulate ________. (mystery of the burning poop)

A

buffers, blood sugars

64
Q

Insulin (in-cell-in) causes the _______ and the ______ to become more permeable to ________, letting _______ into the cells, therefore _______ blood sugar levels.

A

muscles, liver, glucose, sugar, reducing

The sugar goes into the cells instead of the blood

65
Q

Glucagon (glucose-be-gone) causes the ________ to _______ ________, therefore _______ blood sugar levels.

A

liver, release, glucose, increasing

sugar is released into the blood

66
Q

Glucagon is needed when ____ on sugar

A

low

67
Q

Insulin is needed when ______ on sugar

A

High

68
Q

Glucagon converts _________ into ______

A

glycogen —> glucose

69
Q

Insulin converts ______ into ________

A

Glucose —-> glycogen

70
Q

Sugar diabetes is caused by the inability to produce ______

A

insulin

71
Q

Sugar diabetes left untreated can cause: (5 things)

A

Blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage, possible limb amputation, and eventually death

72
Q

Hyperglycaemia is when you have ______________?

A

High blood sugar

73
Q

Hypoglycaemia is when you have ________________?

A

Low blood sugar

74
Q

What are the three different diabetes mellitus?

A

Type 1
Type 2
Gestational Diabetes

75
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

When the pancreas cannot make insulin. (individuals have to take insulin to live)

76
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Decreased insulin production or ineffective use of insulin. (can be controlled by diet, exercise, and some drugs)

77
Q

What is gestational diabetes?

A

Temporary diabetes occurring in about 3% of pregnant women.

78
Q

You can smell acetone on one’s breath when?

A

The body turns to fats for energy (excessively)

79
Q

Where is the adrenal medulla located?

A

On the inner part of the adrenal gland (on top of the kidneys)

80
Q

Where is the adrenal cortex located?

A

On the outer part of the adrenal gland (on top of the kidneys)

81
Q

What does the adrenal medulla produce?

A

It produces epinephrine and norepinephrine (noradrenalin) - speeds up the nervous system

82
Q

What does the adrenal context produce?

A

It produces cortisol and aldosterone

83
Q

What is cortisol?

A

Increases blood glucose allowing for cell recovery and tissue repair (increases amino acids)

84
Q

What is aldosterone?

A

Increases sodium retention in the kidney tubules (keeping water in body)

85
Q

What is testosterone?

A

A male sex hormone, it stimulates spermatogenesis, begins puberty

86
Q

What does estrogen do?

A

From a maturing follicle it builds the endometrium

87
Q

What is progesterone?

A

It keeps the endometrium, it comes from the corpus luteum (left over follicle)

88
Q

What are islets of langerhans?

A

Cells that (pancreas) produce hormones insulin and glucogen

89
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Stored sugar

Biology 30 (1 decks)

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