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Motor Speech Disorders Final > Chapter 15 Differential Diagnosis > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Differential Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is different diagnosis?

A

The process of narrowing possibilities and reaching conclusions about the nature of a deficit.

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2
Q

When doing a speech evaluation always try to:

A

Make a diagnosis

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3
Q

If you can’t make a definitive diagnosis then:

A

> Describe what you find
State why you couldn’t make a diagnosis
State what it’s not definitely not
Do not offer a definitive diagnosis, use words like undetermined, equivocal, probably possible

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4
Q

Make a speech diagnosis related to:

A

The suspected neurological diagnosis or suspected site of lesion and state whether the speech signs are consistent or inconsistent with them

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5
Q

Just because a person is diagnosed with a type of disease doesn’t mean that they:

A

Have deviant speech at the time of the evaluation due to the severity and the level of progression of a disease

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6
Q

Etiologies and differential diagnosis:

A

Some etiologies help determine what to expect in terms of speech deficits

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7
Q

Vascular Etiologies:

A

> Can cause any type of dysarthria
Most commonly associated with Spastic, UUMN, and Ataxic dysarthria
Hemorrhagic stroke is the most common cause of dysarthrias

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8
Q

Degenerative Diseases:

A

> Can cause any type of dysarthria

> Most commonly causes Spastic, Ataxic, Hypokinetic, Flaccid dysarthria

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9
Q

Parkinson’s Disease only associated with:

A

Hypokinetic dysarthria

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10
Q

ALS only associated with:

A

Mixed Flaccid-Spastic dysarthria

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11
Q

TBI etiologies in general:

A

> Can cause any type of dysarthria

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12
Q

TBI close head injury etiologies:

A

Most commonly associated with Spastic dysarthria

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13
Q

TBI open head injury etiologies:

A

Most commonly associated with Spastic, Ataxic, and UUMN dysarthria (the CNS dysarthrias)

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14
Q

TBI skull fractures and neck trauma etiologies:

A

Flaccid dysarthria only

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15
Q

Surgical Trauma etiologies:

A

> Can cause ANY type of dysarthria EXCEPT Hypokinetic
ENT, chest/cardiac surgeries are ONLY associated with Flaccid dysarthria
Neurosurgery is associated CNS dysarthrias and Flaccid dysarthria

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16
Q

CNS dysarthrias

A

Ataxic, Spastic, & UUMN

17
Q

Toxic/Metabolic etiologies

A

> Most commonly associated with Hyperkinetic and Ataxic dysarthrias

18
Q

Infectious and inflammatory conditions:

A

Rarely causes dysarthrias and is dependent on the condition

19
Q

Demyelinating diseases:

A

> Can cause ANY type of dysarthria
RARELY associated with Hypokinetic
Dependent on the disease

20
Q

Guillain Barre

A

Associated with Flaccid dysarthria

21
Q

MS

A

Associated with Ataxic dysarthria

22
Q

Anatomic Malformation (of the brain Arnold-Chiari)

A

Associated with Flaccid dysarthria

23
Q

Neuromotor Junction Disorder etiologies (PNS diseases)

A

Only associated with Flaccid dysarthria

24
Q

Dysarthrias that can (most commonly) be presented without a neurological diagnosis:

A

Hyperkinetic, Spastic, & Ataxic

25
Q

Oral Mechanism Findings

A

certain findings in the oral mechanism are not required for Motor Speech Disorders but are used as confirmatory signs

26
Q

FLACCID Oral Mechanism Findings

A

> Atrophy and fasiculations
Hypoactive gag reflex most often occur
Nasal regurgitation may be seen
Rapid loss of intelligibility = Myasthenia Gravis

27
Q

SPASTIC Oral Mechanism Findings

A

> Pathological oral reflexes
Hyperactive gag reflex
Pseudobalbar effect
Problems w/ drooling and swallowing

28
Q

ATAXIC Oral Mechanism Findings

A

> Dysmetria in non speech jaw/face/tongue movements

29
Q

HYPOKINETIC Oral Mechanism Findings

A

> Orofacial tremors

>Masked face is common

30
Q

HYPERKINETIC Oral Mechanism Findings

A

> Abnormal movements at rest and in speech

31
Q

UUMN Oral Mechanism Findings

A

> Unilateral facial and lingual weakness w/o atrophy or fasciculations

32
Q

Speech characteristics of Flaccid dysarthria

A 
>Phonatory/Resonatory abnormalities are the most common characteristics:
>Breathiness (with greater hoarseness)
>Diplophonia  
>Audible inspiration
>Short phrases
>Rapid deterioration of speech= MG
33
Q

Speech characteristics of Spastic dysarthria

A

> Slow rate
Slow regular AMRs
Strained voice quality
All three above not typical in any other

34
Q

Speech characteristics of Ataxic dysarthria

A

> Irregular articulatory breakdowns
Irregular AMRs
Dysprosody

35
Q

Speech characteristics of Hypokinetic dysarthria

A

> Rapid blurred speech
Rapid blurred AMRs may occur
Palilalia does not occur with any other

36
Q

Speech characteristics of Hyperkinetic dysarthria

A

> Abnormal movements

37
Q

Speech characteristics of UUMN dysarthria

A

> Mildness (irregular AMRs, strain)

>Transient duration

Motor Speech Disorders Final (7 decks)

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