Chapter 15 - Antimicrobial compounds Flashcards
What do Beta-lactoms target?
They target the cell wall by blocking peptidogycan corss-linking
What are an example of Beta-lactoms?
Ampicillin
What do Glycopeptides target?
Inhibit Transglycosylation and Transpeptidation or peptidoglycan.
What is an example of Glycopeptides?
Vancomycin
What is Transglycosylation?
What allows the peptodeglycan to form stings of molecules.
What is transpeptidation?
The peptide crosslinking between the strings of molecules in peptodeglycan.
What does Phosphonomycin target?
Prevents the connection of UDP-NAM to UDP-NAG.
Bacitracin
Inhibits recycling of bactoprenol (blocks movements of peptidoglycan subunits from the membrane)
Teixobactin
Blocks precursors of peptiodogylcan and teichoic acid.
What type of bacterium is teixobactin inaffective against?
Gram (-)
What do Aminoglycosides target?
Prevents proofreading of protiens by binding to 50s subunit
Tetracycline
Blocks tRNAs from getting to the A site of the ribosome. Thus stopping protien sythensis.
Macrolides
Blocks ribosome translocation.
Are Macrolides bacterialcidle or bacteriostatic?
Static
Lincosamides
Prevents the translocation of the ribosome. It works bets with anaerobes
Do Aminoglycosides bind to the 30s or 50s subunit?
30s
Do Macrolides bind to the 30s or 50s subunit?
50s
Do Tetracylines bind to the 30s or 50s subunit?
30s
Do lincosamides bind to the 30s or 50s subunit?
50s
How is Rifampin bacteriocidal?
It blocks RNA polymerase
Quinolones and Flouroquinolones target what in bacteria.
DNA
Rifampin targest what nucleic acid?
RNA
How do Quinolones and Flouroquinolones target DNA?
They block gyrase and topoisomerase
Metronidazole targest DNA or RNA?
DNA
Metronidazole is also known as what?
Flagyl
How does metronidazole target bacteria?
It is activated by either flavodoxin or ferredoxin in anaerobic bacteria and cleaves its DNA.
What pathway do Sulfonamides target?
PABA
How do Sulfonamides kill bacteria?
By competeative inhibition as they are an analog of PABA.
What does trimethoprim target?
Dihydrofolic acid in PABA pathway.
How does trimethoprim interfer with bacterial metabolics?
Competative inhibition of PABA pathway by way of being an analog od Dihydrofolic acid
How do polymyxins work?
Theybind tothe LPS and salidify it, thus disrupting the membrane and killing the pathogen.
Polymyxins are considered a last resort anibiotic. Why?
They target the any bacteria and are extremely affective. They are one of the only antibiotics to combate Gram negative superbugs.
What is a Disinfectant?
A marterial that is too toxic to be used interanly but kills or stunts pathogens. They are used on inanimate obects or sufaces.
What is a Antiseptic?
An antimicrobial compound that is applied topically only.
How do alcohols kill bacteria?
They denature protiens
How does formaldehyde kill bacteria?
Cross links protiens and nucleic aicd to prevent them from being functional
How do Halides (ex. Cl, Br, F) kill bacteria?
They are oxidixing agents.
How do quats kill bacteria?
They disrupt the membrane by intragrading itself into the phosolibib bilayer. However, it only has one tail so the membrane falls apart.
How do heavy metals kill bacteria?
They denature protiens
How do Phenols kill bacteria?
They denature protines and disrupt the cell membrane.
How does UV radiation kill bacteria?
It causes thymine dimers to appear in the DNA which damages the DNA so it is not functional.
How does Ionizing radiation kill bacteria?
It causes double stranded breaks in the DNA which are very difficult to repare.
