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Pathogenic Microbiology - BIO-4450 > Chapter 15 - Antimicrobial compounds > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Antimicrobial compounds Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do Beta-lactoms target?

A

They target the cell wall by blocking peptidogycan corss-linking

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2
Q

What are an example of Beta-lactoms?

A

Ampicillin

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3
Q

What do Glycopeptides target?

A

Inhibit Transglycosylation and Transpeptidation or peptidoglycan.

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4
Q

What is an example of Glycopeptides?

A

Vancomycin

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5
Q

What is Transglycosylation?

A

What allows the peptodeglycan to form stings of molecules.

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6
Q

What is transpeptidation?

A

The peptide crosslinking between the strings of molecules in peptodeglycan.

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7
Q

What does Phosphonomycin target?

A

Prevents the connection of UDP-NAM to UDP-NAG.

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8
Q

Bacitracin

A

Inhibits recycling of bactoprenol (blocks movements of peptidoglycan subunits from the membrane)

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9
Q

Teixobactin

A

Blocks precursors of peptiodogylcan and teichoic acid.

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10
Q

What type of bacterium is teixobactin inaffective against?

A

Gram (-)

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11
Q

What do Aminoglycosides target?

A

Prevents proofreading of protiens by binding to 50s subunit

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12
Q

Tetracycline

A

Blocks tRNAs from getting to the A site of the ribosome. Thus stopping protien sythensis.

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13
Q

Macrolides

A

Blocks ribosome translocation.

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14
Q

Are Macrolides bacterialcidle or bacteriostatic?

A

Static

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15
Q

Lincosamides

A

Prevents the translocation of the ribosome. It works bets with anaerobes

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16
Q

Do Aminoglycosides bind to the 30s or 50s subunit?

A

30s

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17
Q

Do Macrolides bind to the 30s or 50s subunit?

A

50s

17
Q

Do Tetracylines bind to the 30s or 50s subunit?

A

30s

18
Q

Do lincosamides bind to the 30s or 50s subunit?

A

50s

19
Q

How is Rifampin bacteriocidal?

A

It blocks RNA polymerase

20
Q

Quinolones and Flouroquinolones target what in bacteria.

A

DNA

21
Q

Rifampin targest what nucleic acid?

A

RNA

21
Q

How do Quinolones and Flouroquinolones target DNA?

A

They block gyrase and topoisomerase

22
Q

Metronidazole targest DNA or RNA?

A

DNA

22
Q

Metronidazole is also known as what?

A

Flagyl

23
Q

How does metronidazole target bacteria?

A

It is activated by either flavodoxin or ferredoxin in anaerobic bacteria and cleaves its DNA.

24
Q

What pathway do Sulfonamides target?

A

PABA

25
Q

How do Sulfonamides kill bacteria?

A

By competeative inhibition as they are an analog of PABA.

26
Q

What does trimethoprim target?

A

Dihydrofolic acid in PABA pathway.

27
Q

How does trimethoprim interfer with bacterial metabolics?

A

Competative inhibition of PABA pathway by way of being an analog od Dihydrofolic acid

27
Q

How do polymyxins work?

A

Theybind tothe LPS and salidify it, thus disrupting the membrane and killing the pathogen.

27
Q

Polymyxins are considered a last resort anibiotic. Why?

A

They target the any bacteria and are extremely affective. They are one of the only antibiotics to combate Gram negative superbugs.

28
Q

What is a Disinfectant?

A

A marterial that is too toxic to be used interanly but kills or stunts pathogens. They are used on inanimate obects or sufaces.

29
Q

What is a Antiseptic?

A

An antimicrobial compound that is applied topically only.

30
Q

How do alcohols kill bacteria?

A

They denature protiens

31
Q

How does formaldehyde kill bacteria?

A

Cross links protiens and nucleic aicd to prevent them from being functional

32
Q

How do Halides (ex. Cl, Br, F) kill bacteria?

A

They are oxidixing agents.

33
Q

How do quats kill bacteria?

A

They disrupt the membrane by intragrading itself into the phosolibib bilayer. However, it only has one tail so the membrane falls apart.

34
Q

How do heavy metals kill bacteria?

A

They denature protiens

35
Q

How do Phenols kill bacteria?

A

They denature protines and disrupt the cell membrane.

36
Q

How does UV radiation kill bacteria?

A

It causes thymine dimers to appear in the DNA which damages the DNA so it is not functional.

37
Q

How does Ionizing radiation kill bacteria?

A

It causes double stranded breaks in the DNA which are very difficult to repare.

Pathogenic Microbiology - BIO-4450 (1 decks)

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