Chapter 15 and 19 Flashcards
Types of crisis
- Developmental (maturational)
- Situational
- Traumatic
Types of loss
- Death
- Stigmatic
Grief responses
- Physical
- Emotional
- Social
- Cognitive
Bearevment process
Normal functioning–> Shock and denial–> Anger–> Depression and detachment–> Dialogue and bargaining–> Acceptance–> Return to a meaningful life.
Types of bereavement
- Uncomplicated bereavement- is experienced by most
- Traumatic grief- external factors (violence, multiple deaths, personal encounters of death)
- Complicated bereavement- frozen in chronic mourning
Theories of bereavement
Five stages
1. shock and disbelief
2. awareness of loss
3. conservation-withdrawal
4. healing
5. renewal
Nursing care
therapeutic relationships, self-care, medication, counseling, and social support strategies
Phases of disasters
-prewarning of the disaster- preparation and planning for events/disasters that are to come
-disaster event occurs- support as needed and resources
-recuperative effort- strategies for healing
Impact of crisis and loss on survivors
~victims who may or may not survive (these people tend to experience PTSD, depression, anxiety, or other mental health illness)
~professional rescuers experience psychological effects
~everyone else involved most experience psychological effects as well
Psychological trauma
an emotional injury that is caused by overwhelming stressful events that threaten survival and a sense of security
Resilience
the capacity to withstand stress and catastrophe and enhances the ability to bounce back and recover from stressful situations.
Incidence and prevalence of post-traumatic stress
Symptoms of post-traumatic stress
PTSD is diagnosed when symptoms in 4 general areas, such as intrusive symptoms, negative mood/thoughts, hyperarousal, and sleep disturbances
Dissociative symptoms of PTSD
derealization/depersonalization, periods of disengagement, alterations in bodily perception, emotional numbing, out-of-body experiences, amnesia (about abuse-related situations)
Recovery-oriented care for PTSD
recovery takes time and involves support and patience from family and friends, trauma-informed care, early recognition of symptoms, and treatment to lead to more successful outcomes, there are several paths to recovery.
Wellness strategies for people with PTSD
looking at their sleep patterns, getting out and getting up
Importance of integrated healthcare
Dissociation and dissociative disorders
responses to extreme external and internal events or stressors. Types: Dissociative amnesia: inability to recall
Depersonalization/derealization disorder: being detached from one’s body
Dissociative identity disorder (formerly called multiple personality disorder)
Treatment is antidepressants, CBT, psychodynamic psychotherapy
