Chapter 15 and 19 Flashcards
Types of crisis
- Developmental (maturational)
- Situational
- Traumatic
Types of loss
- Death
- Stigmatic
Grief responses
- Physical
- Emotional
- Social
- Cognitive
Bearevment process
Normal functioning–> Shock and denial–> Anger–> Depression and detachment–> Dialogue and bargaining–> Acceptance–> Return to a meaningful life.
Types of bereavement
- Uncomplicated bereavement- is experienced by most
- Traumatic grief- external factors (violence, multiple deaths, personal encounters of death)
- Complicated bereavement- frozen in chronic mourning
Theories of bereavement
Five stages
1. shock and disbelief
2. awareness of loss
3. conservation-withdrawal
4. healing
5. renewal
Nursing care
therapeutic relationships, self-care, medication, counseling, and social support strategies
Phases of disasters
-prewarning of the disaster- preparation and planning for events/disasters that are to come
-disaster event occurs- support as needed and resources
-recuperative effort- strategies for healing
Impact of crisis and loss on survivors
~victims who may or may not survive (these people tend to experience PTSD, depression, anxiety, or other mental health illness)
~professional rescuers experience psychological effects
~everyone else involved most experience psychological effects as well
Psychological trauma
an emotional injury that is caused by overwhelming stressful events that threaten survival and a sense of security
Resilience
the capacity to withstand stress and catastrophe and enhances the ability to bounce back and recover from stressful situations.
Incidence and prevalence of post-traumatic stress
Symptoms of post-traumatic stress
PTSD is diagnosed when symptoms in 4 general areas, such as intrusive symptoms, negative mood/thoughts, hyperarousal, and sleep disturbances
Dissociative symptoms of PTSD
derealization/depersonalization, periods of disengagement, alterations in bodily perception, emotional numbing, out-of-body experiences, amnesia (about abuse-related situations)
Recovery-oriented care for PTSD
recovery takes time and involves support and patience from family and friends, trauma-informed care, early recognition of symptoms, and treatment to lead to more successful outcomes, there are several paths to recovery.
