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Dental Materials Exam 4 > Chapter 15 and 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 and 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnostic casts

A

positive replicas of the teeth and surrounding oral tissues and structures produced from impressions that create a negative representation of the teeth; commonly called study models and used for diagnostic purposes and numerous chairside and laboratory procedures

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2
Q

Preliminary impression

A

an impression of the dentition and surrounding tissues taken as a precursor to other treatment; often used to make casts (models) of oral structures for planning, and to construct custom trays or provisional restorations

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3
Q

Final impression

A

a detailed impression of oral structures used to make an accurate cast from which restorations or protheses are made

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4
Q

Bite registration

A

An impression of the upper and lower teeth in the patients normal bite relation

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5
Q

Hydrocolloid

A

A water based colloid used as an elastic impresion material

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6
Q

Reversible hydrocolloid

A

An agar impression material that can be heated to change a gel into a fluid sol state that can flow around the teeth, and then cooled to gel again to make an impression of the shapes of the oral structures

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7
Q

Agar

A

A powder derived from seaweed that is a major component of reversible hydrocolloid

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8
Q

Alginate

A

A versitile irreversible hydrocolloid that is the most used impression material in the dental office; it lacks the accuracy and fine surface detail needed for impressions for crown and bridge procedures

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9
Q

Syneresis

A

A characteristic of gels when let standing to contract and squeeze out some liquid that then accumulates on the surface

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10
Q

Imbibtion

A

act of absorbing moisture

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11
Q

Surfactant

A

chemical that lowers the surface tension of a substance so that it is more readily wetted; for example, oil beads on the surface of water, but soap acts as a surfactant to allow the oil to spread over the surface

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12
Q

Polysulfide

A

An elastic impression material that has sulfur containing (mercaptan) functional groups; it has also been referred to as rubber base impression material

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13
Q

Polyvinyl Siloxane (PVS)

A

Very accurate addition silicone elastomer impression material; it is used extensively for crown and bridge procedures because of its accuracy, dimensional stability, and ease of use

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14
Q

Casts

A

Hard replicas of hard and soft tissue of the patients oral cavity, made from gypsum products; also referred to as models

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15
Q

Diagnostic casts

A

casts generally made from dental plaster or stone and used for patient education, treatment planning, and tracking the progress of treatment, as with orthodontic models; these casts are also known as study models

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16
Q

Working casts

A

casts generally made from one of the dental stones that are strong enough to resist the stresses of fabricating an indirect restoration or prothesis; these casts are also known as master casts or working models

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17
Q

Dies

A

replicas of the prepared teeth that are generally removable from the working casts

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18
Q

Model plaster

A

the weakest, most porous form of gypsum product used in dentistry

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19
Q

Dental stone

A

a stronger, less porous form of gypsum product used in dentistry

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20
Q

Die stone

A

the densest form of gypsum product used in dentistry

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21
Q

Pouring

A

pouring the cast refers to the process of vibrating the flowable gypsum product into an impression; this process must produce a cast that is an exact replica of the impression

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22
Q

Trimming

A

the process of removing excess hardened gypsum from the cast for ease in working with the cast and appearance and presentation

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23
Q

Melting range

A

a range of melting points of the individual components of wax

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24
Q

Flow

A

the movement of wax as it approaches the melting range

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25
Q

Excess residue

A

a wax film that remains on an object after the wax is removed

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26
Q

Wax pattern

A

a duplicate of a restoration carved in wax

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27
Q

Most common impression material

A

alginate

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28
Q

Alginate

A 
irreversible
inexpensibe
no special equipment
easy to manipulate
fairly accurate
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29
Q

Composition of alginate

A

Agar (seaweed)

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30
Q

Working time for alginate

A

Fast: 1.25-2 min
Regular: 2-3 min

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31
Q

Trays used for alginate

A

Metal perforated trays

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32
Q

Maxillary perforated trays

A

1-6; 1 largest and 6 smallest

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33
Q

Mandibular perforated trays

A

20-26; 20 largest

most common 22 or 24

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34
Q

Idenitec

A

put powder in bowl first then put water

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35
Q

Positive air bubbles

A

Blebs

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36
Q

Negative air bubbles

A

Voids

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37
Q

Two portions of a diagnostic study model

A

Anatomical portion and Art portion

38
Q

Anatomical portion

A

Contains the registration of the oral anatomy. It compromises 2/3 of the total height of each trimmed study cast

39
Q

Art portion

A

Serves as a base (top or bottom) of the study model. It compromises 1/3 of the total height of each trimmed study cast

40
Q

Depth of the vestibule

A

lies about 1/2 inch from the gingival margin

41
Q

Parts of a model trimmer

A

Grinding wheel
Casing
Platform

42
Q

Rigid impression material

A

Reversible

43
Q

Composition of rigid impression material

A

Thermoplactic resin; 40% fillers and 10% chalk and plastisizes

44
Q

Uses for thermoplastic resin

A

Border molding and bite registration

45
Q

How thermoplastic resin comes supplied

A

Cakes and sticks

46
Q

Ways to soften thermoplastic resin

A

Soften on heating (warm water and flame) and hardens when cooled

47
Q

Uses of impression material

A

replicas of oral tissues
replicas of facial defects
reproduction of hard and soft tissues

48
Q

Most impression material is made from

A

elastic

49
Q

Classifications for impression materials

A

Elastic and Rigid

50
Q

Elastic

A

impression material able to pick-up undercuts

51
Q

Rigid

A

impression material will not pick-up undercuts

52
Q

Classification of elastic impression

A

Irreversible

Reversible

53
Q

Irreversible

A

will not return to its original state (powder/liquid)

54
Q

Reversible

A

will return to its original state (only one impression is reversible)

55
Q

Types of impression trays

A 
Metal perforated trays
Rim lock metal trays
Disposable (stock) trays
Bite registration
Triple tray
Custom tray (denture impression)
56
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Doesn’t like water

57
Q

Hydrophilic

A

water loving

58
Q

Negative

A

impression of the patients mouth

59
Q

Positive

A

Poured impression in the stone known as the diagnostic cast

60
Q

3 different types of impressions

A

preliminary
final
bite registration

61
Q

Elastic impression material

A

irreversible

62
Q

Composition of elastic impression material

A

Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS)

63
Q

Armamentarium needed for Polyvinyl siloxane

A

Delivary system, cartridge (will have catalyst and base)

64
Q

Brand name of polyvinyl siloxane

A

3M express and Extrude

65
Q

Pouring for polyvinyl siloxane

A

Requires doctor to pour in microstone

66
Q

Trays for polyvinyl siloxane

A

triple trays

67
Q

Polyether is the composition for what kind of impression material

A

Elastic

68
Q

Brand name for polyether

A

Impergum

69
Q

Polysulfide is the composition of what kind of impression material

A

Elastic

70
Q

Armamentarium needed for polysulfide

A

Onion skin pad, diamond head spatula, catalyst and base in two tubes

71
Q

Trays for polyether

A

Custom

72
Q

Humidore

A

(tupperware container) a vessel that is used to store an impression (alginate)

73
Q

This holds the stone in the lab

A

plaster pin

74
Q

Dihydrate

A

CaSO4*2H20 Calcium sulfate which is mined as solid mass then heated to turn into a powder

75
Q

Hemihydrate

A

CaSO4*1/2H2O the final product after the dihydrate has been ground up (calcination) the powder

76
Q

Classification of gypsum products

A 
impression plaster
model plaster
dental stone
dental stone high-strenght/low expansion
dental stone high-strengh/hight expansion
77
Q

Manipulation of gypsum

A

by hand in a stone bowl
vibrator
mechanical (vac-u-spat)

78
Q

Setting for gypsum

A

Working time: after 1 min
Initial time: 8-16 mins
final set: can no longer be manipulated

79
Q

Methods of pouring casts

A

Double pour method
single step method
boxing method

80
Q

Slurry water

A

Water coming out from the model trimmer being used instead of regular water because it speeds up the process of impressions setting

81
Q

examples of organic materials that retard

A

blood and saliva

82
Q

Uses of dental waxes

A

Blockout (missing teeth)
Boxing impression
Bite
Occlusal rims for making denture

83
Q

Composition of waxes

A

Both natural and synthetic
Natural waxes produced from plants, used in carnauba wax; insects, used in beeswax; and minerals, used in paraffin and ceresin wax
Synthetic waxes; gums, fats, oils, resins, and coloring agents

84
Q

Melting range for waxes

A

range of temperatures at which each component of the wax will start to soften and then flow

85
Q

Flow of waxes

A

As the temp of the wax increases, the viscosity of the wax decreases until the wax becomes a liquid

86
Q

Excess residue of waxes

A

May result in inaccuracies in the object being produced

87
Q

Classification of waxes

A

Pattern
Processing
Impression

88
Q

Pattern waxes

A

Inlay, casting, and baseplate

89
Q

Processing waxes

A

Boxing, utiliy, and sticky

90
Q

Impression waxes

A

Correction impression

Bite registration

91
Q

Why should you not use idophors to disinfect impressions?

A

It can stain them brown

92
Q

Common uses if alginate impressions

A 
Diagnostic casts
Preliminary impression for complete dentures
Partial denture frameworks
Opposing casts for crown and bridge treatments
Repairs of partial and complete dentures
Provisional restorations
Custom trays 
Sports protectors and night guards
Removable othrodontic appliances

Dental Materials Exam 4 (1 decks)

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